²Ä¥|½Ò ¦P¤Æ¡B¦è¤ÆÁÙ¬O±e«U¤Æ¡H¤å¤Æ¥þ²y¤Æªº¦A«ä
3. ¤å¤Æ¥þ²y¤Æªº§åµû¡G¬ü°ê¤Æ¡B¥«³õ¤Æ¡B°Ó«~¤Æ 7. ªþ¿ý: ²ü§õ¬¡¡X¤å¤Æ¥þ²y¤ÆªºÓ®×¤ÀªR
¥þ ²y¤Æ¥O¥@¬É¦U¦a¤§¶¡ªº¥æ©¹Åܱo·U¨Ó·UÀWÁc¡A·U¨Ó·U¦h¼Ë¤Æ¡C¨£½Ñ©ó¤å¤Æ¡A¨s³º¦³¬Æ»ò¼vÅT©O¡H¤å¤Æ¥þ²y¤Æ¥]¬A¤@¨Ç¤å¤ÆºA«×ªº´¶¤Î¤Æ¡A¨Ò¦pÀô«O¡B¥µ¥¡B¤HÅvµ¥Æ[ ©À¡A¤]¥]¬A¤@¨Ç¤å¤Æ²£·~ªº´¶¤Î¤Æ¡A¥]¬A®Ñ¥»¡B¹qµø¡B¹q¼v¡Bµ¼Öµ¥µ¥¡A¤]¥]¬A¤@¨Ç»P¥Í¬¡ºA«×¦³³s±aÃö«Yªº°Ó«~©M°Ó¼Ð¡A¨Ò¦pNike¡BCoca Cola¡BMcDonald¡¦sµ¥¡C
¦³Ãö¤å¤Æ¥þ²y¤Æªºª§½×¡A¥i¥H²³æ¤À¬°¨â¤j°}«¬¡C¤@¤è¬O¸û¬°§å§P©Êªº¡A¤@¤è«h¬O¸û¬°¼ÖÆ[©M¥¿±ªº¡C¸û§å§Pªº¤@¤è«ü¥X¥H¥«³õ¬°¥XµoÂIªº¤å¤Æ¥þ²y¤Æ¨ä¹ê¬O¦è¤è¤å¤Æªº¦V¥~ÂX±i¡A¥O¨ä¥L¦a¤è¤å¤Æªº¥Í¦sªÅ¶¡´î¤Ö¡C¤å¤Æ¥þ²y¤Æªº¥DnÁͶլO³æ¤@¤Æ¡B¦P½è¤Æ(Homogenization)¡A¥@¬É³Q±e«U¤Æªº¥«³õ¥D¸q¡B®ø¶O¥D¸q¡Bª«½è¥D¸q©Ò²T»\¡A¶Ç²Î¤å¤Æ³Q«I»k¡A§ó¬Æ·|ºt¤Æ¦¨¤£¦P¤å¤Æ¤§¶¡ªº¹ï«Ï©M½Ä¬ð¡C
¸û¼ÖÆ[ªº¤@¤è«h±j½Õ¤å¤Æ¥þ²y¤Æ¤¤¤å¤Æ¥æ¬yªº¥¿±§@¥Î¡C¥þ²y¤Æ¥Nªí¥@¬É¦U¦a³£¯à±µÄ²¬Ûµ¥ªº°Ó«~©M¸ê°T¡Aµ²ªG·|¬O¤£¦Pªº¤å¤Æ¤§¶¡ªº®t¶Z©Ôªñ¡A±a¨Ó¶i¨B¡B²{¥N¤Æ¡B¥@¬É¤j¦Pªºµo®i¡C·U¨Ó·U¦hµû½×§ó´£¥X¤å¤Æ¥þ²y¤Æ¦³§U¶Ç²Î³Ð·s¡A¥O¥@¬É¤å¤Æ¨«¦V¶}©ñªº¥þ²y¥«³õ¡A´£¨Ñ§ó¥[¦h¤¸¤Æªº¿ï¾Ü¡C
·Q²`¤@¼h¡AYªG±q¤å¤Æµo®iªº¨¤«×¬Ý¡A¨ä¹ê¤å¤Æ¥þ²y¤Æªºµ²ªG¬O¤£½T©wªº¡C¤£¦P¥»¤g¤å¤Æªº¥Í©R¤O©M¥«³õ»ùÈ¡B¤£¦PªÀ·|缌Å骺¤å¤Æ¤ô¥©M¸gÀÙ¯à¤O¡B¤£¦PÓ¤Hªº»ùȨú¦Vµ¥¡A³£¥i¥H¥O¤å¤Æ¥þ²y¤Æªºµo®i¨«¥X¤£¦Pªº¤è¦V¡C¥»½Ò·|³v¤@±´°Q¥H¤U°ÝÃD¡A¥H¥O¦P¾Ç¤Ï«ä¤å¤Æ¥þ²y¤Æµo®i¡G
¡u¦Ê¸U´I¯Î¡v(Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?)³oÓ¹qµø¸`¥Ø¡A´N«Ü¯àªí¹F¤@¨Ç¤H¤ß¥Ø¤¤¤å¤Æ¥þ²y¤Æªº¦L¶H¡C³oÓ¹qµø¸`¥Ø¨ä¹ê¬O¦b^°êº¥ý±À¥Xªº¡C¦b1990¦~¥N¤¤º¼½¥H¨Ó¡A¦Ü¤µ¤w¸g¦b¥@¬É¦U¦a(¥]¬A»´ä)ªñ70Ó°ê®a¼½¥X¡C³oÓ¸`¥Ø¤£½×¦b¥@¬É¦U¦a³£¨Ì´`¤@ӲΤ@ªº§Î¦¡¶i¦æ¡A¥]¬A§G´º¡B¹CÀ¸³W«h(¥]¬A¶i¯Å§Î¦¡©M¡u50/50¡v¡B¡u®a®xÆ[²³¡v¡B¡u²{³õÆ[²³¡vµ¥¤TÓÀAÅn)¡A¥H¦Ü¥D«ù¤Hªº¡uªÖ©w¡H¡v©M¡u³Ì«áµª®×¡H¡vªº¥xµü¡C
¥þ²y¤Æ·|§_«Â¯Ù¥@¬É¤å¤Æ¦h¤¸©O?¤Ï¥þ²y¤Æ¹B°ÊTurning Point Project ¦bÃD¬°¡mGlobal Monoculture¡nªºµu¤å¤¤¡A´Nªí¹F¤F¤£¤Ö¤H¤ß¤¤ªº¼~¼{¡G
¡§´X ¤Q¦~«e¡A§Ų̵́M¦³¥i¯àÂ÷¶}®a¦Ó¥h¨ì¤@ÓºIµM¤£¦Pªº¦a¤è¡G¤£¦Pªº«Ø¿v¡A¤£¦Pªº·´º¡A¤£¦Pªº»y¨¥¡B¥Í¬¡²ß«U¡B¦çµÛ¥H¤Î¤H̪º»ùÈÆ[©À¡C¨º¬O¤@Ó§ÚÌ¥i¥HºÙ¤§ 爲¤å¤Æ¦h¤¸¤Æªº®É¥N¡C¦ý¬O¡A¦ñÀHµÛ¸gÀÙªº¥þ²y¤Æ¡A¤å¤Æªº¦h¼Ë©Ê¤]¥¿¦b®ø¥¢¡C¸gÀÙ¥þ²y¤Æªº¥Ø¼Ð´N¬On¨Ï±o©Ò¦³ªº°ê®a³£Åܱo¤@¼Ë¡C·í¥þ²y¦UÓ°s©±³sÂê¸gÀç¾÷ºc ¦V¹C«È̫ŶǥL̦b¥@¬É¤W¥ô¦ó¤@Ó«°¥«ªº©Ð¶¡³£¬O¤@¼Ëªº®ÉÔ¡A«o¨S¦³´£¨ì¥t¥~¤@Өƹê¡A¨º´N¬O¥@¬É¤Wªº¦UÓ«°¥«¤]¦bÅܱo¶V¨Ó¶V¤@¼Ë¡G¨T¨®¡B¾¸µ¡B·ÏÃú¡B¼É ¤O¡B§ÖÀ\¡B³Á·í³Ò¡BNike¡BLevis¡BªÝ¤ñ«½«½¡AÁÙ¦³¬ü°êªº¹qµø©M¹q¼v¡C±¹ï³oÓ¶V¨Ó¶V³æ¤@ªº¥@¬É¡A§ÚÌÂ÷¶}®a¨«¦V¥@¬Éªº·N¸q¤S¦bþ¸Ì©O¡H¡¨
³oÓ¥@¬É¤å¤Æ¥«³õªº¼Wªø¡A»P¤å¤Æ¥ø·~ªºÂX±i¬O¤£¥i¤À³Îªº¡CHugh Mackay¦b¡mThe Globalization of Culture¡n¤@¤å¡A¤¤´N«ü¥X¥þ²y¤å¤Æ¥æ¬yªº¤å¤Æ²£«~¡]¥]¬A¦L¨ê«~¡Bµ¼Ö¡BµøıÃÀ³N¡B¹qµø¡B¹q¼v¡B¹q¥x¡BÄá¼vµ¥¡^¦b¤C¤Q¦~¥N¥H«á³£¦b¥@¬É¥«³õ¥H¿¼Æ¦b¼WªøµÛ¡C Pew Global Attitudes Project ¦b2003¦~ Views of a Changing Worldªº½Õ¬d¤]µo²{¡A¹q¼v¡B¹qµø¡Bµ¼Öµ¥¤å¤Æ²£«~¦b¥@¬É¥«³õªº¬y°Ê¤j¤j´£°ª(¹Ï¤@)¡C¤µ®É¤µ¤é¡A°ò¥»¤W¤£¦P¦a¤èªº¤H³£®ø¶OµÛ¬ÛÃþ¦üªº¤å¤Æ²£«~¡C¨ä¤¤²ü§õ¬¡ªº¹q¼v¦b¥@¬É¨üÅwªïµ{«×¤é¯q¼W¥[´N¬O³Ì©úÅ㪺¨Ò¤l(ªí1)¡C ¹Ï1.
Âà¸ü¦ÛPew Global Attitudes Project. 2003. Views of a Changing World. ªí1.
¨ä¹ê¡A´CÅé¤u·~ªº¥þ²y¤Æµo®i«D±`©úÅã¡C¥H¬ü°ê¬°ºªº¦è¤è°ê®a¦b¥þ²y¤å¤Æ¶Ç¼½¥ø·~ªºÃbÂ_´N¤Q¤À©úÅã¡CManfred Steger¦b¡mGlobalization: A Very Short Introduction¡n¤@®Ñ´N«ü¥X³oÓµo®iÁͶաC¦b2000¦~¡A¥@¬É¤Q¤j¶Ç´C¥ø·~¦û¤F¥þ²y¶Ç´C¤u·~Á`¦¬¤J¶W¹L¤T¤À¤§¤G¡C³o¤Q¤j¥ø·~¥]¬A¡G
ÀHµÛ¦è¤è°ê®a(¯S§O¬O¬ü°ê)¦b¥þ²y¤å¤Æªº«n©Ê¤é¯q´£°ª¡A^¤åªº«n©Ê¤]·U¨Ó·U°ª¡CSteger«ü¨ì¤E¤Q¦~¥N¡A¥@¬É¦³¶W¹L3»õ5¤d¸U¤H¥H^»y¬°¥À»y¡A¥[¤W¦³¶W¹L4»õ¤H¥H^»y¬°²Ä¤G»y¨¥¡C§ó«nªº¬O¡A¦b¤¬Ápºô¤W^»yªº»â¾É¦a¦ì¬Æ¬°©úÅã¡C·í«e¤¬Ápºô¤W¡A^»y¦û¤F¶W¹L80%ªº¥Î¶q¡CPew Global Attitudes Project ¦b2003¦~ Views of a Changing Worldªº½Õ¬d¤]µo²{¡A¥@¬É¦U¦a³£´¶¹M¦P·N¬Û«H¡A¨àµ£n¦b·í¤µ¥@¬É¨ú§Ú¦¨¥\´Nn¾Ç²ß^»y¡]¹Ï2¡^¡C
¹Ï2. ¥@¬É¦U°êªº·N¨£½Õ¬d --¡u¨àµ£n¦b·í¤µ¥@¬É¨ú§Ú¦¨¥\´Nn¾Ç²ß^»y¡v
Âà¸ü¦ÛPew Global Attitudes Project. 2003. Views of a Changing World.
3. ¤å¤Æ¥þ²y¤Æªº§åµû:¬ü°ê¤Æ¡B¥«³õ¤Æ¡B°Ó«~¤Æ
3.1 ¸ó°ê¥ø·~±À°Êªº¤å¤Æ³æ¤@¤Æ §Ú̦b¦¹¦A¤Þz Turning Point Project ªº¡mGlobal Monoculture¡n¡C¥¦¹ï¸ó°ê¥ø·~¥D¾É¥þ²y¤Æªºµo®i´£¥XÄY¼Fªº§åµû¡A¨Ã«ü¥X¡u¤å¤Æ³æ¤@¤Æ¡vªº°ÝÃD¡G
¡§¸g ÀÙ¥þ²y¤Æ¦b±À°Ê¤@ºØ¯S©wªº¡u¦P½è¤Æ¡vµo®i¡A¨Ï±o¤j«¬¤½¥q¥i¥H¦Û¥Ñ¦a¦b¥@¬É½d³ò¤ºªº¥ô¦ó¤@Ó¥«³õ¡A¥ô¦ó¤@Ó¦a¤è¶i¦æ§ë¸ê©M¹B§@¡C¹ï©ó³o¨Ç²Õ´¾÷ºc©M¤j«¬¥ø·~ ¦Ó¨¥¡A¥LÌ©Òn°l¨Dªº¥Dn»ùȨ䣬O¦h¤¸¤Æ©M¦h¼Ë©Ê¡A¦Ó¬O®Ä²v¡C¦]爲¦h¼Ë©Ên¨D¥ø·~n¾Ö¦³¾AÀ³Ó§O®t²§ªº¾P°â§l¤Þ¤O¡A©Ò¥H¦¨爲¸gÀÙ¥þ²y¤Æ©M¦UÓ¤j«¬¥ø·~ªº ¼Ä¤H¡C¤j«¬¥ø·~©ÒÁé·Rªº¬On³Ð³y²Î¤@ªº»ùÈ¡A²Î¤@ªº«~¨ý¡A¹B¥Î¬Û¦Pªº«Å¶Ç¤â¬q¡A½æ±¼¬Û¦Pªº°Ó«~¡A±q¦Ó±N¨º¨Ç¤p«¬ªº¥»¦aÄvª§ªÌ»°¨«¡C¤j¦h¼Æ¥ø·~§ó³ßÅw¦P½è¤Æ ªº®ø¶OªÌ¡A¦]¦¹§ÚÌ·|µo²{¼Ú¬wªº»È¦æ®aÌ¥D®_µÛ²Ä¤T¥@¬Éªº¸gÀÙ¡F¨È¬wªº¤½¥q¯à°÷¬å¥ï¥[®³¤j©M¤Ú¦èªº´ËªL¡F¬ü°êªº¤½¥q¥i¥H¥D®_¾ãÓ¥@¬Éªº¹A¥Á¥H¤Î¹«~ªº¨Ñ À³¡F}¤h¥§¯à°÷¦b¥þ²y½d³ò¤º²Î¤@¤H̪º·NÃÑ¡A¦Ó³Á·í³Ò¥ç¥i¥H²Î¤@¥@¬É¤H¥Áªº¤f¨ý¡C¸ó°ê¥ø·~Àò±o¤F³Ó§Q(Table 2)¡C¡¨
Table 2: McDonalds Restaurants: Number by Region, 1991 &1996
Source: www.globalpolicy.com
³oºØ¥H¸ó°ê¥ø·~¥D¾É¡A¥H¥«³õÂX±i¬°¥Ø¼Ðªº¤å¤Æ¥þ²y¤Æ¡A¹ï¥@¬É¦U¦aªº©~¥Áªº©T¦³¥Í¬¡¤è¦¡¡A¥H¦Ü©ó¤p°Ó¤áªº¦ÛÀç§@·~³£¬Æ¬°¤£§Q¡ATurning Point Project ´N«ü¥X¡G
¡§¥@ ¬É¤W©Ò¦³ªº¦a¤è³£¶}©l³v¨B¿Ä¦X¡C¦bªk°ê¶m§ø¡A·í¦aªº¨Å¹T¹A³õ³Q¤j«¬ªº¹A·~ºî¦X¥ø·~©Ò§]¨Ö¡C¦b^®æÄõ¤@¨Ç¶m§øªº¤p«°Âí¡A°ª³t¤½¸ôªº×«Ø¨Ã¥¼ÅU¤Î¤½衆ªº¤Ï¹ï¡A Τ¨½®qªº½_¥ÐÅܦ¨¤F°s©±¡A¤é¥»ªº¤p«¬¹A³õ¦¨爲¤F°ª¯ÅºÞ²z¤Hûªº°ªº¸¤Ò²y³õ¡C¥@¬É¦U¦a¡A¥]¬A¬ü°êªº¤p«¬¥ø·~¤Î¹s°â°Ó³£¬°§Kµ|ªº¹q¤l°Ó°È©ÒÅX°Ê¡A¦Ó¹q¤l°Ó°È¤] ¥i¯à«Ü§Ö·|³Q¥@¶T²Õ´³W½d¤Æ¡B¨î«×¤Æ¡C¦b·N¤j§Q¨º¤£°Ç´µªº§ø²ø¸Ì¡A¼s§iµP¤W±i¶KµÛSylvester Stalloneªº¼s§i¡A°Ó©±¸Ì¾P°âµÛªÝ¤ñ«½«½¡A¹qµø¤¤¼½©ñµÛJay Leno¡]¬ü°ê¦W¹qµø¸`¥Ø¥D«ù¤H¡^¡C¡¨
¨ä¹ê¡A³o¤]´N¬O«P½Ð¤j®a¥h«ä¦Ò¡A¬O§_¯u¤ß¤ä«ù³o¼Ëªº¥þ²y¤Æµo®i¡C¥@¬É¤W¨CÓ¦a¤è³£¦bÅܱo¶V¨Ó¶V¬Û¹³¡AºCºC§Î¦¨³æ¤@ªº¥þ²y¤å¤Æ¡C´N³s§Ú̮Ȧæ¤]©êµÛ¤@ºØ¤ßºA¡G¡u¦b¨ºÓ¦a¤è®ø¥¢¤§«e»°§Ö¥h§a¡C¡v³æ¤@ªº¥þ²y¤å¤Æ¯u¬O§ÚÌ©Ò©Ò´Á±æªº¤@ºØ¥@¬É¯´§Ç¡H
3.2¥@¬É¤å¤Æ¦h¤¸©Ê¤U° ²³¦h½×ªÌ«ü¥X¦P½è¤Æ¬O¤å¤Æ¥þ²y¤Æªº¥DnÁͶաA»{¬°³o¬O¶Ç²Î¤å¤Æ³Q«I²¤¡A¥@¬É³Q±e«U¤Æªº¥«³õ¥D¸q¡B®ø¶O¥D¸q¡Bª«½è¥D¸q²T»\¡A§ó¬Æ·|ºt¤Æ¦¨¤£¦P¤å¤Æ¤§¶¡ªº¹ï«Ï©M½Ä¬ð¡C¨ä¹êSamuel Huntingtonªº¡mThe Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of the World Order¡n«Ü¯à¥Nªí³oºØ¾á¼~¡A«ü¥X¤å¤Æ¤§¶¡ªº½Ä¬ð¬Æ¦Ü·|ºt¤Æ¦¨ªZ¸Ë½Ä¬ð¡C¨ä¤¤¨â¤j°ÝÃD¡A´N¬O¶Ç²Î¥Í¬¡¤è¦¡¥Í¬¡ªº¥¢¸¨¡A¥H¤Î°Ó·~¥D¸q©M®ø¶O¥D¸qªº¤J«I¡C
Benjamin R. Barberªº¡mJihad vs. McWorld: How Globalism and Tribalism Are Reshaping the World¡n¤@®Ñ¡A´N«ü¥X¤å¤Æ¥þ²y¤Æ¤¤¥H¬ü°ê¬°ºªº¸ê¥»¥D¸q¹ï¥@¬É¦U¦aÂX±iªº¤@±¡C¨ä¤¤¤@¬q´N«Ü¯àªí¹F·í¤¤ªº§t·N¡G
¡§¤@¨Ç¬ü°ê¤j«¬®ø¶O«~µP¡A¨Ò¦pCoca-Cola¡AMarlboro¡AKFC¡ANike¡AHershey¡ALevi¡¦s¡APepsi¡AWrigley¡AMcDonald¡¦sµ¥¡A¦b±À¾P²£«~ªº¦P®É¡A¨ä¹ê¤]¦b±À¾PµÛ¬ü°ê¡A¥]¬A¬ü°êªº¬y¦æ¤å¤Æ¡B¬ü°êªºÁcµØ¡B¬ü°êªº§Î¶H¡B¥H¦Ü©ó¬ü°êªººë¯«¡K ¡K¥«³õ¶R½æªº¤£¥u¬O³fª«¥»¨¡A¦Ó¬O³fª«©Ò¥Nªíªº·N©À¡C¤j®a©Ò¶Rªº¤£¥u¬O¥Í¬¡©Ò»Ý¡A¦Ó¬O¥Í¬¡ºA«×¡C³oºØ¦b¥«³õ¤W¶R½æªº¥Í¬¡ºA«×¡A¥»½è¤W¬O·½©ó¬ü°êªº¡A«o©¹©¹·|³Q¬Ý«Ý¬°¥þ²y¦@¦³¡A³oÓ¤]¬O¤j¥ø·~©Ò·Qnªº¡A¦]¬°¥¦Ì³£·QÀç³y¥X¤@ºØ®ðª^¡X¤j®a³£¬O¥Í¬¡¦b¤@Ó¬Û¦Pªº¥@¬É¤W¡C¡¨ (p. 60-61)
Benjamin R. Barber´N¬On«ü¥X·í«e¤å¤Æ¥þ²y¤Æ·í¤¤¤å¤Æ«I²¤(Cultural Imperialism)ªº°ÝÃD¡C¥L©ÒÁ¿ªº¡§McWorld¡¨¡A´N¬O«ü¥X¸ê¥»¥D¸q¡B®ø¶O¥D¸q¥O¥@¬É¦U¦a¤£¦Pªº¤H³£³Q§ë©ñ¦b³æ¤@ªº°Ó«~¥«³õ¤§¤¤¡A¥H¬ü°ê¬°ºªº¦è¤è´¶¤Î¤å¤Æ´N¥H°Ó«~¥«³õÂX±iªº¤è¦¡¤J«I¦U¦aªº¤å¤Æ¥Í¬¡¡A¨ä§Î¦¡¥]¬Aµ¼Ö¡B¹q¼v¡B¹qµøµ¥µ¥¡A¥O¥@¬É¦U¦aªº«~¨ý·U¨Ó·U¶É¦V¬ü°êªº¼Ð·Ç¡C
Table 3: World Languages in Danger of Extinction, 2000
Source: www.globalpolicy.com
3.3 ®ø¶O¥D¸q¤Uªº°Ó«~¤Æ©M±e«U¤Æ ¥H¥«³õ¬°°ò¦ªº¤å¤Æ¥þ²y¤Æ¤£¦ý¥O¥@¬É¤£¦P¦a¤èªº¤å¤Æ¦h¤¸©Ê´î¤Ö¡A§ó¥O¥þ²y¤å¤Æ¨«¦V°Ó«~¤Æªº¤è¦V¡A¥H¸ê¥»¥D¸q¬°¥Ø¼Ð¡C²{¦bªº¤å¤Æ¨ÏªÌ¤£¬O²ï¤h¤ñ¨Èªº½g³¹¡A§ó¤£¬O²ö¥¾¯Sªº¼Ö³¹¡A¦Ó¬O¥H±e«Uªº·N©ÀÀç¾Pªº°Ó·~²£«~¡A¤S©Î¥H¡mTitanic¡nµ¥°Ó·~¹q¼v¬°ÂÅ¥»ªº®T¼Ö¡C
®Ú¾Ú³oÓÆ[ÂI¡A¤å¤Æªº¥þ²y¤Æ¨ä¹ê¬O¶ì³y¤@ºØ¥þ²y©Êªº®ø¶OªÌ¡CÀHµÛ¸ê¥»¥D¸qªº¥þ²y©ÊÂX±i¡A¬°¤F¼W¥[®ø¶O¡A¬°¤F½T«O¥ø·~ªºÀç§Q¼Wªø¡A³z¹L¤å¤Æ¤u·~¡]¦p¶Ç´C¡^°ö¨|¥X»P¥ø·~¥Í²£¬Û§k¦Xªº»Ýn©M¹ï®ø¶O¥D¸qªº¼ö°J¡C¤å¤Æ¥þ²y¤Æ´NÅܦ¨¤F°ö¨|®ø¶O¥D¸qªº»ùÈÆ[©À©M¦æ¬°¼Ò¦¡¡C
¥þ²y¤Æªº¤O¶q¨ä¹ê¥¿¦b¦P¤Æ¥@¬É¦U¦aªº¥»¤g¤å¤Æ¡A¦b³\¦h¥Í¬¡¥²»Ý«~ÁÙ¤£¨¬ªº§ø¸¨¸Ì¡A¤HÌ«o¥i¥H¦¬¬Ý½Ã¬P¹q¼v¡Bµ¼Ö¹qµø¡]MTV¡^¡B¦³½u¹qµø©Ò¼½©ñªº¸ê°T¡C®ø¶O¥D¸q¥¿¦V¶V¨Ó¶V¦hªº»â°ì«I²¤¡C¤å¤Æ¥þ²y¤Æ¥O¤å¤Æ³Q¥«³õ¤Æ¤F¡B°Ó«~¤Æ¤F¡CJeremy Seabrook¦b ¡§The Racketeers of Illusion¡¨¤@¤å¤¤¡A´N«ü¥X¤å¤Æ¥þ²y¤Æ¡A¥O¥@¬É¤å¤Æ³£¦V¦P¤@¤è¦V¶iµo¡X°Ó«~¤Æ©M¥«³õ¤Æ¡C¨Ò¦p¡A¦è¤èªº¸t½Ï¸`¡A¨äì¨Óªº©v±Ð¶H¼x¤v¸gº¥º¥²HÁ¡¡A³oÓ¸`¤é³QºtÅܦ¨¤@Ó®ø¶Oªº¤é¤l¡AÁöµM¤j®a¤´µM¦b¼y¯¬³oÓ¸`¤é¡A¤£¹L³oÓ¸`¤é¹ï¥«³õ±À¼s¤]³\§ó§Î«n¡C
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Pew Global Attitudes Projectªº¤@¨Ç½Õ¬dµ²ªG¡A¦³§U§Ṳ́ϫä¤å¤Æ¥þ²y¤Æªº¤@¨Ç±¦V¡C¹ï¶i¤f¤å¤Æ²£«~¡]¹qµø¡B¹q¼v¡Bµ¼Ö¡^¬O¦n¬OÃaªººA«×¡A¤£¦P°ê®a¡]¹Ï3¡^©M¤£¦P¦~ÄÖ¡]¹Ï4¡^ªº¤H´N¦³«Ü¤j¤Àª[¡A¹ï¶Ç²Î¤å¤Æ³Q°Ó·~¥D¸q¡B®ø¶O¥D¸qªº¤J«Iªº°ÝÃD¡]¹Ï5¡^¡A¤]¦b¤£¤Ö°ê®a¤Þ°_¬Û·í¤jªºÃöª`¡C
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