Number of Characters a College Student Knows
一般大学生认识多少中文字
Chih-Wei Hue 胡志伟

Abstract 摘要
There are estimates of the number of characters a Chinese college student knows, however, none of the estimates was obtained from empirical studies. In the present study, four groups of Chinese characters were stratified sampled from two dictionaries in accord with the characters' linguistic frequencies. One hundred and twenty college students were recruited from two universities, and they were asked to write down the meanings and the pronunciations for a group of sampled characters. For each meaning and pronunciation responded, the subjects were asked to write down the reason that the response was generated. The results of the study indicated that a college student knows about 5150 characters and a set of strategies to guess the pronunciation and the meaning of an unknown character.

一般的语言心理学实验大多以大学生为受试者，而瞭接受试者的认识多少中文字（称为字汇量）是探讨中文字辨识历程时，实验者安排实验刺激时的重要考量。虽然在过去的文献中，曾经有一些研究者估计过大学生的字汇量，但是这些估计值都不是根据实征得实验资料所做的。本研究以截层取样法，从两本字典中各随机选取两个样本的中文字为实验刺激，并以120位大学生为受试者，探讨他们的字汇量。实验时，一位受试者会接到一个样本的刺激字：受试者的工作是写下这些刺激字的读音和字义；当遇到不认识的生字时，他需要猜测生字的读音和字义。作答完毕后，受试者还需要一个刺激字一个刺激字的，针对他先前所做的读音和字义反应，说明作答的原因。根据受试者对刺激字样本的反应，本研究以公式推论受试者在整本字典中的识字量，以及他们的字汇量。研究结果显示，一个一般大学生的字汇量大约为5150字，除此之外，大学生还能够运用一些策略，猜测中文生字的读音和字义。

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