Red blood cell group polymorphism among Chinese
中国人中红血球组的多态性
Yida Yuan 袁义达

Abstract 摘要
Though research concerning Chinese blood groups dates back as far as 1918, it was not until 1960’s that people began to utilize blood group materials in order to study differences in the gene pools of Chinese populations. Since the end of the 1970’s research into Chinese population genetic has been quite active, and research into genetic markers has become increasingly popular, especially in the areas of red blood cell group-, the enzyme-, serum protein-, white blood cell group- and immuglobin-systems. It is estimated that in 1986 the genetic survey of the multi-system genetic markings of the more populous ethnic minorities on the Chinese mainland, especially those with populations over one million, will be completed. This will provide important data for the analysis and research into genetic differences within the Chinese populations, the origin of ethnic groups, and population migrations. China is a multi-ethnic country. Its regions are vast, and differences in geographic and climatic conditions are extremely great. The distribution of her population is greatly unbalanced. The process leading to the development of the various ethnic groups of China has a long historical origin. With regard to the origin and development of ethnic groups, and to inter-population relationships, this knowledge can be achieved through multi-disciplinary research. Using gene frequency data from as many loci as possible to study inter-population relationships, is a very important field. This paper investigates red blood cell group polymorphism among Chinese, and it is based on the large body of materials on red blood cell types which have accumulated over the past few years.

1. Introduction

2. Materials and Methodology

2.1 The ten ethnic groups included in this discussion are the Han (most of the gene frequency data coming from the Han living in northern China), the Mongols of Inner Mongolia, the Hui of the Hui Autonomous Region of Ningxia, the Koreans of Yanbian District of Jilin Province in the northeast, the Uygurs of Xinjiang in the northwest, the Tibetans of Lhasa City in Tibet, the Zhuang and Dong of Guangxi in the south, the Bai of Yunnan Province in the southwest, and the Gaoshan of Taiwan Province in the southeast.

2.2 The blood group systems touched upon include ABO, MNSs, Rhesus, P, Duffy, Kidd, Kell, Diego, Lewis, Lutheran and Xg, for a total of 11.

2.3 The materials utilized in this paper come from 110 papers published since 1918 both in and outside of China, as well as from the survey results of the Institute of Genetics which have been conducted over the past several years on the 11 systems for red blood cell groups listed above.

2.4 Method of analysis, calculation of blood group combination

3. Discussion

3.1 Common alleles

3.2 The frequencies of the most common blood groups and that of blood group combinations

3.3 The probability within a population that the blood group combination of two randomly selected individuals is the same even better reflects the polymorphism in blood groups of this population.

3.4 Genetic distance