1 PHONOLOGY: THE CANTONESE SOUND SYSTEM

1.4 TONE

High level: yāu ‘worry’
High rising: yáu ‘paint’ (noun)
Mid level: yau ‘thin’
Low falling: yàuh ‘oil’
Low rising: yáuh ‘have’
Low level: yauh ‘again’

1.4.2 TONE CHANGE

問一問 mahn yāt mahn mán-mahn ‘try to ask’
甜一甜 tìhm yāt tìhm tím-tìhm ‘very sweet’
一句一句 yāt geui yāt geui 一句句 yāt géui-geui ‘one sentence at a time’
一碟一碟 yāt dihp yāt dihp 一碟碟 yāt díp-dihp ‘one dish after the other’

食咗飯 呀? 食飯 呀?
Sihk-jó-faahn meih a? Sík-faahn meih a
eat-PFV-rice not-have SFP eat-PFV-rice not-have SFP
‘Have you eaten?’

肥肥哋 fèih-fèih-déi → fèih-féi-déi ‘rather fat, chubby’

滴滴聲 dihk-dihk-sēng → dihk-dík-sēng ‘ticking sound’ (of clock, watch)

擒擒青 kàhm-kàhm-chēng → kàhm-kám-chēng ‘in a mad rush’

立立亂 lahp-lahp-lyuhn → lahp-láp-lyuhn ‘messy, disorganized’

Basic tone Changed tone
朱古力
yāt hahp jyūgūlīk go háp
‘a box of chocolates’ ‘this box’

陳 Chàhn → 阿陳 A-Chán, 老陳 lóuh-Chán ‘old (Mr.) Chan’

眼鏡 ngáahn + geng → ngáahn-géng ‘glasses’

鹹魚 hàahm + yùh → hàahm-yú ‘salted fish’ (also slang, ‘dead body’)

cheese → 芝士 jīsí

order → 柯打 ōdá

1.4.3 TONE AND INTONATION

公司 經理 工人
gūngsī gīngléih ge gūngyàhn
company manager LP maid
‘the company manager’s maid’

A: 得唔得 呀?
Ngóh béi yéh léih jouh dāk-m̀h-dāk a?
I give CL thing you do okay-not-okay SFP
‘I’m giving you something to do, okay?’
B:
Dā-āk!
okay
‘Sure!’

呀?
Di-ím syun a?
how do SFP
‘What shall I do?’