16  COORDINATION AND SUBORDINATE CLAUSES

16.1  COORDINATION

16.1.1  COORDINATION OF WORDS AND PHRASES

依家教師教書,行政,辛苦
yīgājouhgaausīyauhyiugaau-syūyauhjouhhàhngjinghóusānfú
nowadaysbeteacherbothneedteach-bookanddoadminstrationverytough
‘Nowadays teachers have to both teach and do administration, it’s tough.’

16.1.2  LISTS

呢,起碼印花稅、律師費、經紀
Máaihūkhéimáhyiubéiyanfāseuileuhtsīfaigīnggéiyúng
buyhousePRTat-leastneedpaystampdutylawyerfeeagentcommission
‘To buy a house, you have to pay stamp duty, legal fees and commission, to start with.’

16.1.3  COORDINATION OF CLAUSES

我哋食飯,跟住
Ngóhdeihsīnsihk-faahngānjyuhheuitáihei
wefirsteat-foodfollowinggoseefilm
‘We’ll have dinner first, then go and see the film.’

16.1.4  DISJUNCTION: ‘EITHER’ … ‘OR’

細路仔讀書做嘢
sailouhjáiyauhm̀hduhk-syūyauhm̀hjouh-yéh
CLchildrenbothnotstudy-bookandnotdo-thing
‘Those kids neither study nor work.’

16.2  SUBORDINATE CLAUSES

16.2.1  TIME CLAUSES

嗰陣時,已經
Dángléihfāandoulàihgójahnsísungyíhgīngdungsaaila
untilyoubackPRTcomethat-timeCLfoodalreadycoldallSFP
‘By the time you get back the food will all be cold.’

16.2.2  REASON CLAUSES

因為時間
Ngóhgamfaaigóngyùhnhaihyānwaihgónsìhgaan
Isofastspeakfinishisbecauserushtime
‘I finished speaking so quickly because time is short.’

16.2.3  PURPOSE CLAUSES

蛋糕
Léihyuhngdōulàihchitdaahn-gōu
youuseCLknifecomecutegg-cakeSFP
‘Use a knife to cut the cake.’

16.2.4  CONCESSIVE CLAUSES: ‘ALTHOUGH’

無論邊個嚟,
Mòuhleuhnbīngolàihngóhdōum̀htēng
no-matterwhocallcomeIstillnotlisten
‘No matter who calls, I won’t answer.’

16.3  CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

16.3.1  EXPLICIT CONDITIONALS

如果得閒,我哋(就)打波
Yùhgwóléihdākhàahnngóhdeih(jauh)yeukmàaihdá-bōā
ifyoufreewe(then)fixtogetherhit-ballSFP
‘If you’re free we can arrange a game (of tennis, etc.).’

16.3.2  IMPLICIT CONDITIONALS

Léihm̀hséunglàihdōuyiulàihgela
younotwantcomealsomustcomeSFPSFP
‘You have to come even if you don’t want to.’ (conv.)

16.3.3  NEGATIVE CONDITIONALS: ‘IF NOT’, ‘UNLESS’

梗係識咗女朋友啦,唔係開心呀?
Gánghaihsīk-jósāngeléuih-pàhngyáuhmhaihdímwúihgamhōisāma?
of-courseknow-PFVnewLPgirlfriendSFPif-nothowwouldsohappySFP
‘He must have found a new girlfriend, otherwise why would he be so happy?’

16.4  CLEFT SENTENCES AND EMPHASIS

㗎,唔係
Haihléihlámchēutlàihgamhaihngóh
BeyouthinkoutcomeSFPnot-beme
‘It was you that thought of it, not me.’

16.5  INDIRECT SPEECH

老婆投訴行路得滯
Lóuhpòhtàuhsouwahngóhhàahng-louhfaaidākjaih
wifecomplainsayIwalk-roadfasta bit much
‘My wife complains that I walk too fast.’