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Biography of Professor Albert Lee
MB BS (Med.Deg-London), LLB (Hons-London), MPH MD (Higher Med Doctoral Deg-CUHK), LLM (Distinct-Arb &DR), M.Res & Prof.Study in Ed (Bristol), GDLP (Aus.Coll.Law), DCH (Ireland), FRCP (London & Ireland), FCIArb (UK) Hon FFPH (UK), FACLM(Aus), FCLM(USA), FRACGP (Aust), FHKAM(FamMed), Grad.Dip.Leg.Pract (Aus.Coll.Law), Academician (International Member) of US National Academy of Medicine, Accredited Mediator [Centre for Effective Conflict Resolution (UK)]
"Practising clinician, educational innovator and research leader in Family Medicine, Health Promotion and Disease Prevention in Asia.  Dr. Lee has particular focus on promotion of child and adolescent health through school settings linking to community and primary health care.  He has contributed models of care for school health, applicable internationally."   This was the citation of Professor Albert Lee used by his proposer for his election as international member of National Acadmey of Medicine (NAM previously known as Institute of Medicine), USA in 2012.  Election to the NAM is considered one of the highest honours in the fields of health and medicine.  Albert is the first member elected from Hong Kong.   He has served as member of NAM Forum on 'Investing in Children globally' (iYCG) during the period 2013 to 2016 to develop an integrated approach for child development and co-chair the Hong Kong workshop of iYCG in 2015.
Albert obtained Medical Degree (MB BS) from the University of London (UCL-Middlesex) in 1984 and Law Degree (LLB) from University of London in 2015.  He was awarded higher academic and/or professional qualifications in Family Medicine, Public Health, Legal Medicine, Law and Education including higher research doctorate degree in Medicine (MD) and also MPH from the Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK); Fellowships from Royal Colleges in Australia, Ireland and UK, Chartered Institute of Chartered Arbitrators, Australasian College and American College of Legal Medicine; Master of Law with distinction (Arbitration and Dispute Resolution) from City University of Hong Kong.  Albert was awarded Graduate Diploma in Legal Practice with higher distinction and distinction in core and elective subjects, and admitted as lawyer by NSW Supreme Court, Australia in March 2021, and Barrister and Solicitor by New Zealand High Court in July 2022.
He served as Clinical Professor of JC School of Public Health and Primary Care and the Founding Director of the Centre for Health Education and Health Promotion, CUHK.  He is awarded the title of Emeritus Professor from 1 August 2022 and continues to serve as clinical professional consultant for clinical teaching.  He also serves as Honorary/Adjunct Professor, external examiner/assessor at many leading academic institutions in HK and overseas.  He is now also serving as medico-legal consultant.  Since 2022, Albert has started teaching Graduate Diploma/MA in Law on Tort for University of Law UK (HK campus) and Master in Healthcare Management of University of Worcester, UK (HK cohort).
Albert’s research fields are child and adolescent health, family medicine and primary care disease management, community-based care development and health equity, public health and health promotion, medico-legal and conflict resolution, healthcare law and ethics.  He is pioneer to investigate impact of living environment on better health and well-being especially children and adolescents and cases with chronic illnesses.   He is one of the key pioneers of ‘healthy setting approach’ globally (health promoting school, healthy city, health promoting workplace, and health promoting health services).  He has published over 250 papers in peer-reviewed journals and over 290 invited conference/seminar papers.  His contributions in health development are recognized by appointment as WHO advisor, election as Honorary Fellow of UK Faculty of Public Health (the highest accolade of the Faculty), and Award for Pioneer in Healthy Cities Research by Alliance for Healthy Cites (AFHC) in 2014.  The project “Community Development Approach to create better health of our young generation within the settings of their daily life” received 10th Anniversary Award of Health and Medical Research Fund of Hong Kong SAR Government.  He received Jonathan Davies Award (2nd Place) for his presentation of World Congress in Medical Law in 2022 on “Equitable Access to Mental Health for Children and Adolescents in Post-COVID Era”.  He received President Award during the 2023 Annual Scientific Meeting of American College of Legal Medicine for contribution to office of the President.
He has served or is currently serving on Boards or Councils in Hong Kong and overseas such as founding Steering Committee member of AFHC and chairing the Scientific Committee of AFHC Global Conference in 2014, and Organising Committee of Chronic Care Conference in 2010, and 60th Anniversary Symposium of Hong Kong Society of Rehabilitation (HKSR) in 2019 on the theme: ‘New Perspectives on Holistic Rehabilitation and Social Inclusion towards 2030’.   He was elected as member of Executive Committee of HKSR in 2020.   He was Co-chair of District Health Centre (DHC) Executive Committee of Kwai Tsing Safe Community and Healthy City Association (KTSCHC), the first DHC commissioned by Hong Kong SAR Government in 2019 according to 2017 Policy Speech to strengthen primary health care.  He was instrumental in preparing and submitting the proposal on behalf of KTSCHCA, and planning the development of DHC for KTSCHC as Board Director until December 2019.  He was appointed by the Government to be member of Governing Committee overseeing three newly established DHCs in 2022.  He was appointed by Hong Kong Council for Accreditation of Academic and Vocational Qualifications as Specialist in Medicine and Health Science.
Albert is accredited mediator of Centre for Effective Dispute Resolution, UK (CEDR).   He is member of Executive Board of Journal Medicine and Law (official journal of World Association of Medical Law), and editor of 2018 March Issue on “Better Education and Training to prevent Medical Mishap”.   He is editor of two books in primary health care, one book on “Healthy Setting Approach” and one book on “Healthcare Law and Ethics: Principles & Concept.
Updated on 3 April 2023
Selected recent publications (over 275 publications in August 2024) (full list)
Health Promotion and Public Health (20 recent selected papers)
1. Huang, J.; Cheung, C.K.M.; Keung, V.M.W.; Lo, A.S.C.; Chan, S.C.; Pang, W.S.; Li, Q.H.Y.; Mui, L.W.H.; Lee, A.; Wong, M.C.S. Factors Associated with Vaccination Uptake among Young Children: A Follow-Up Study of 1799 Toddlers. Vaccines 2023, 11, 535. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11030535
2. CY Ho, Lee A.* Cultivating a Healthy Living Environment for Adolescents in Post-COVID Era in Hong Kong: Exploring Youth Health Needs. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19, 7072. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127072
3. Lee A, Nakamura K. Engaging diverse community groups to promote population health through Healthy City approach: Analysis of successful cases in Western Pacific Region. Journal Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021; 18, 6617. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126617
4. Lee, A.; Keung, V.M.W.; Lau, V.T.C.; Cheung, C.K.M.; Lo, A.S.C. Impact of COVID-19 on Life of Students: Case Study in Hong Kong. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 10483. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910483
5. Lee A., Lo ASC, Li Q., Keung MW, Kwong CM. Health Promoting School: An Update. J Applied Health Economics and Health Policy 2020; Apr 15 : 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40258-020-00575-8
6. Lee A. General practitioners as frontiers in COVID-19: Hong Kong experience. Aust J Gen Pract 2020; 49 Suppl XX. doi: 10.31128/AJGP-COVID-15 [ePub ahead of print]
7. Frederick K Ho, Hung-Kwan So, Rosa S Wong, Keith T S Tung, Lobo H T Louie, Joanna Tung, Sheena Mirpuri, Bik Chow, Wilfred H S Wong, Albert Lee, Patrick Ip. The reciprocal relationship between body mass index categories and physical fitness: a four-year prospective cohort study of 20,000 Chinese children. Paediatric Obesity 2020; 15(9):e12646. doi: 10.1111/ijpo.12646
8. Chan HY, Lo A, Ma KHH, Lee A. Knowledge enrichment would enhance hand hygiene practice in early childhood: An observational study in Hong Kong. Hong Kong J Paediatric 2020: 25: 148-158.
9. Lee A., Lo ASC, Keung MW, Kwong CM, Wong KK. Effective Health Promoting School for better health of children and adolescents: Indicators for success. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1088 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7425-6
10. Siu JSM, Lee A, Chan PKS. Schoolteachers’ experiences of implementing school-based vaccination programs against human papillomavirus in a Chinese community: A qualitative study. BMC Public Health 2019, 9:1514 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7878-7
11. Lo K., Keung V, Cheung C, Tam WWS., Lee A. Associations between sleep pattern and quality and cardiovascular risk factors among Macao school students. Childhood Obesity 2019; 15(6): 387-396 https://doi.org/10.1089/chi.2018.0319
12. Chan K, Siu JYM, Lee A. A school-based programme promoting healthy eating. Health Education Journal 2019; https://doi.org/10.1177/0017896919880575
13. Siu JYM, Chan K, Lee A. Adolescents from low-income families in Hong Kong and unhealthy eating behaviours: Implications for health and social care practitioners. Health and Social Care in the Community 2018, 27 (2): 366-374
14. Lee A., St Leger LH, Ling KWK, MW Keung VMW, Lo ASC, Kwong ACM, Ma HPS, Armstrong ES. The Hong Kong Healthy Schools Award Scheme, school health and student health: an exploratory Study. Health Education Journal 2018; 77(8): 857-871
15. Yuen W., Lee A.*, Chan PKS, Tran L, Sayko E. Uptake of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in Hong Kong: Facilitators and barriers among adolescent girls and their parents. PLOS One 2018; 13(3): e0194159 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0194159
16. Lee A. and Cheung MB. School as Setting to Create a Healthy Learning Environment for Teaching and Learning Using the Model of Health Promoting School to Foster School-Health Partnership. Journal of Professional Capacity and Community 2017; 2(4): 200-214. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPCC-05-2017-0013
17. Xudong Liu, Claudie Chiu-Yi Wong, Ignatius T.S. Yu, Zilong Zhang, Lixing Tan, Arthur P.S. Lau, Albert Lee, Eng-Kiong Yeoh, and Xiang Qian LAO. Dietary patterns and the risk of rhinitis in primary school children: a prospective cohort study. Scientific Report 2017; 7:44610 DOI: 10.1038/srep44610
18. Lee A., Cheung CK, Lo K, Keung VMW, Mui LWH, Tam WWS. Studying Impact of Nutrition on Growth (SING): a prospective cohort for comparing the health outcomes of young children with the dietary quality score. BMJ Open 2017; 7 e018380. doi:10.1136/ bmjopen-2017-018380
19. Mike K.T. Cheung, Sam C.C. Chan, Anchor T.F. Hung, Angela Y.M. Leung, Albert Lee, Frank W.K. Chan, K.L. Chung, Peter K.K. Poon, Chetwyn C.H. Chan. A latent profile analysis on patient empowerment programme in a Hong Kong primary care setting. Patient Education and Counselling 2017 100(10), 1890-1897 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2017.05.028
20. Xudong Liu, Claudie Chiu-Yi Wong, Ignatius T.S. Yu, Zilong Zhang, Lixing Tan, Arthur P.S. Lau, Albert Lee, Eng-Kiong Yeoh, and Xiang Qian LAO. Dietary patterns and the risk of rhinitis in primary school children: a prospective cohort study. Scientific Report 2017; 7:44610 DOI: 10.1038/srep44610
Legal Medicine (10 recent selected papers)
1. Kim H*, Lee A.*. How patient autonomy drives the legal liabilities of medical practitioners and the practical ways to mitigate and resolve them. Postgraduate Medical Journal 2023; doi: 10.1093/postmj/qgad003
2. Lee A. Gross Negligenec Manslaughter in Clinical Context: Review of Cases to explore the key elements. HKMJ 2023; https://doi.org/10.12809/hkmj235143
3. Lee A. International Platform for Alternate Dispute Resolution to resolve medical disputes: New era for international and comparative health law evidence based standards. Medicine and Law 2022; 41(3):406
4. Kwok WS, Lee A.* Review of living organ donation policy in Hong Kong: What the minimum age for living donors should be? Medicine and Law 2022; 41(2): 257-274
5. Lee A. Health and Justice: Value of Rehabilitation and Scope of Liability of Rehabilitation. US China Law Review 2020; 17(5): 189-202
6. Lee A. Public health action against COVID-19 to protect our rights to health. Medicine and Law 2020; 39(2): 205-222.
7. Kam KM, Chan E, Lee A, Wei VWI, Kwok KO, Lui D, Yuen RKN. Fifteen years after Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome outbreak: what's happening in Hong Kong? Nursing Ethics 2020; https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733019895804
8. Lee A. and Badenoch J. Informed Consent and the decision of the UK supreme Court in ‘Montgomery’. Medicine and Law 2019; 38 (1): 27-44.
9. Lee A. Alternate Dispute Resolution for Medical Disputes. Hong Kong Law Journal 2018; 48 (1): 23-36.
10. Lee A. ‘Bolam’ to ‘Montgomery’ is result of evolutionary change of medical practice towards ‘patient-centred care’. Postgraduate Medical Journal 2017; 93:46–50. doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2016-134236
Selected recent conference presentations (over 300 invited keynote/plenary/special lecture papers or workshops and symposia papers in World Conference) (full list)
on Primary Care / Public Health (20 recent selected papers)
1. Lee A. The future of family medicine /general practice, can humanity and administrative hurdles coexist to help our patients? Thoughts after nearly 40 years of GP/Academic practice. Hong Kong College of Family Physicians Seminar. 1 April 2023.
2. Lee A. Physical activity, exercise and nutritional support of children in the post-COVID era. Hot talks in Paediatric and Child Health. Hong Kong Paediatric Society. 13 February 2023.
3. Lee A. The Healthy Setting Approach in Hong Kong: Sustainable Development for Population Health. Seminar for launching the Chinese version. Taiwan Healthy Cities Alliance and Taipei Healthy City Association. 9 Feb 2023.
4. Lee A. Investing in Child Health and Well-being: Thinking beyond Health Intervention. Inauguration Ceremony of “We Park” cum International Conference, Hong Kong Institute of Vocational Training. 11 Nov 2022
5. Lee A. Mental Health Promotion for Students: Using Health Promoting School approach for multi-factorial intervention. Mental Health Symposium, Institute of Mental Health Research, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 20 oct 2022
6. Lee A. Book seminar: The Healthy Setting Approach in Hong Kong: Sustainable Development for Population Health. World Conference of International Union for Health Promotion and Education, Montreal, Canada (Virtual), 18 May 2022.
7. Lee A. Book seminar: Primary Care Revisited; Inter-disciplinary Approach for new era. World Conference of International Union for Health Promotion and Education, Montreal, Canada (Virtual), 19 May 2022.
8. Lee A. Community Development Approach to create better health of our young generation within the settings of their daily life". Food and Health Bureau of Hong Kong SAR Government Journal Club seminar, 21 March 2022.
9. Lee A. Health in Equity: Quality Primary Health Care to optimize Patient-centered care. 2022 Annual Scientific Meeting of American College of Legal Medicine, 26 February to 28 Feb 2022 online from USA
10. Lee A. Health Risk Management in Primary Care. Islamic International Malaysia University 11 November 2022
11. Lee A. Pulungan A. Norieta Balderrama Beena Kuttiparambil Back to School: Your Role in Health Literacy. Side event of International Federation of Medical Students Association (IFMSA) delegation to WHO South East Asia 74th Regional Meeting and Western Pacific 72th Regional Meeting., 30 October 2021 online, IFMSA, Denmark.
12. Lee A. Award and Accreditation Scheme. Monitoring, Reporting, Evaluating and Improving School Health Webinar. International School Health Net, 1 June 2021.
13. Lee A. Early identification of Child Abuse in Primary Care.Child Abuse Series: Series 1-Prevention is better than cure (presentation in Chinese). Organised by Yew Chung College of Early Childhood Education; Centre for Health Education and Health Promotion, The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong Health Education and Health Promotion Foundation, 1 June 2021
14. Lee A. Maintaining physical and psycho-social well-being for students and staff in Early Childhood Education Setting under COVID-19. Public Open Seminar. Organised by Pan Pacific Early Childhood Education and Research Association, 6 May 2021
15. Lee A. How would we gain better understanding of the needs of elderly in community? Enabling Smart Ageing with Health and Building Data Symposium. Organised by Jockey Club Design Institute for Social Innovation, Hong Kong Polytechnic University 9 April 2021
16. Lee A. Evaluation of Healthy Cities in Korea: SPIRIT Check List Analysis Results. Korean Healthy City Forum. Organsied by Korean Healthy City Partnership and Allaince for Healthy Cities. Gangdong-Gu, Korea, 25-26 September, 2019.
17. Lee A. Healthy City to Sustain Healthy Environment. Multi-disciplinary Healthy City Initiative Webinar Series: Inaugural Talk on Healthy Environment, Better Well-being for City Dwellers. Organised by Hong Kong Institute of Architects and Centre for Health Education and Health Promotion, CUHK. 4 Dec 2020, Hong Kong.
18. Lee A. City and Health: Creating Healthy Neighbourhood. Symposium: 2020 A Year Without Public Space Webinar. Organised by School of Architecture, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 6-7 November 2020
19. Lee A. Revitalisation of Trans-disciplinary Care in Primary Healthcare in new era of Urban Age. 10th Anniversary Conference of Tung Wah College, Hong Kong, 31 October, 2020.
20. Lee A. Strengthening community action to promoting wellness in post COVID-19 Era. Healthy City Forum. Organised by Gangdong-gu Office, Republic of Korea Alliance for Healthy City and Korean Healthy Cities Partnership. 14 October 2020.
on Legal Medicine
21. Lee A. Rights to have good start in life by setting-based approach to address the legal determinants of health. Annual Scientific Meeting of American College of Legal Medicine, 24-26 February, 2023, Orlando, Florida, USA.
22. Lee A. Mediation to resolve Healthcare Disputes: Would it work? Training Seminar for Clinical Chief of Service, Hong Kong Hospital Authority, 14 Dec 2022.
23. Lee A. Alternate Dispute Resolution for Healthcare Dispute: Mediate or Not medicate for Healthcare Disputes: Turning impossible to become possible. Organised by Hong Kong Dental Association, 20 Nov 2022.
24. Lee A. Medico-legal Workshop. Primary Care Conference of Hong Kong College of Family Physicians 18 June 2022
25. Lee A. Mediation for Healthcare Disputes: Turning impossible to become possible. Medical Mediation Seminar: Healing beyond the body & mind: Use of Mediation in Medical Disputes Mediation Week 2022 Mediate First: Harmony from Now to Beyond. Department of Justice, Hong Kong SAR Government, 4 May 2021.
26. Lee A. Alternative Dispute Resolution for Medical Mishaps: Role of Arbitration. Annual Review of Hong Kong Health Law in 2021 webinar. Centre for Medical Ethics and Law, University of Hong Kong, 23 Feb 2022.
27. Cheung T and Lee A. Expert’s roles, duties, commitments and expectations. Hong Kong Academy of Medicine Training Course for Expert Witness. Organised by Professionalism & Ethics Committee, Hong Kong Academy of Medicine and supported by Medical Protection Society and Centre for Medical Ethics and Law of University of Hong Kong. September, 2021
28. Wong D and Lee A. Professional Misconduct: Hong Kong Academy of Medicine Training Course for Expert Witness. Organised by Professionalism & Ethics Committee, Hong Kong Academy of Medicine and supported by Medical Protection Society and Centre for Medical Ethics and Law of University of Hong Kong. September, 2021.
29. Lee A with Ian Freckelton, AO QC, Sandra Johnson (Past President of Australasian College of Legal Medicine), Monique Anawis (Past President of American College of Legal Medicine). COVID-19: Lessons Learned, Challenges Ahead. Physicians Legal Issues: Health Care Delivery & Innovation Virtual Conference, International Keynote. American Bar Association and Chicago Law Society, 20-24 September, 2021.
30. Lee A. What constitute clinical negligence? Law and Healthcare Ethics Theme of Fellowship Programme, Hong Kong College of Health Services Executive, 26 March 2021.
31. Lee A. Striking the balance between public interest and individual rights. 2021 Annual Scientific Meeting of American College of Legal Medicine, 26 February to 5 March 2021 online from USA.
32. Lee A. Duty of Care and Standard of Care. Legal Medicine Seminar organized by Healthcare Institute of Hong Kong Management Association co-organised by Centre for Medical Ethics and Law of University of Hong Kong, Centre for Health Education and Health Promotion of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, and New Medic-legal Society of Hong Kong, 24 June 2020.
33. Lee A. Medicolegal considerations of non-face-to-face communications. Organised by Licentiate Society of Hong Kong, Medical Protection Society, and Howse and Williams, 23 June 2020.
34. Lee A. Health Promotion Principles and approaches to control the spread of a virus in the community. Health Promotion and COVID-19. International Federation Red Cross. Asia Pacific virtual meeting, 30 March 2020.
35. Lee A. Indicators for health improvement of children and adolescents and their families in school and community setting: Putting practice into evidence for translation into policies. 3rd Healthy Kids of Seinäjoki Conference. Organised City of Seinäjoki with the support of Seinäjoki University of Applied Sciences (SeAMK) and Into Seinäjoki Business Development and Innovation Center, Finland, 31 March- 2 February 2020.
36. Lee A. Rights to Health: What Types of Healthcare? 60th Annual Meeting of American College of Legal Medicine, 20-23 Feb 2020, Scottsdale, AZ, USA.
37. Lee A. Medical Ethics and Law for Family Physicians. Medical Education Seminar by External Examiner of Conjoint Master of Family Medicine, University of Malaya, Malaysia 15 Nov, 2019
38. Lee A. Scope of Liability in Rehabilitation. 2019 Annual Scientific Meeting of Australasian College of Legal Medicine: Legal Aspects of Rehabilitation. 26-27 October 2019, Canberra, Australia.
39. Chiu J, Lee A, Tong KW. Healthcare Mediation & Arbitration Workshop. Centre for Medical Ethics and Law, University of Hong Kong, 24 June, 2019
Editor of books
1. Lee A (ed). Healthy Setting Approach in Hong Kong: Sustainable Development in Population Health. City University of Hong Kong Press, 2021
2. B.Y.F. Fong, V.Law, & A.Lee. (Eds). Primary Care Revisited for the New Era: An Interdisciplinary Approach. Singapore: Springer. 2020
3. Lee A. Manual for School Health Professional. Department of Education and Youth Affairs, Macao SAR Government, 2011. ISSN: 978-99965-44-02-6.
4. Yang BF, Lee A, Zhu SZ (Eds). Handbook for Primary Care Practitioners: MIMS Primary Care Clinic Series. CMP Medica Pacific Ltd, 2009 ISSN 2073-8986.
5. Wong WCW, Lee A., Lindsay M (Editors). Clinical Primary Care: A Practical Approach The Chinese University Press, 2008.
6. Lee A (2003). Editor Hong Kong Healthy Schools Award Scheme: Practical Guide to the Health Promoting School. Full manual (Pages) and Abridged version (74 pages). Centre for Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Public Health, The Chinese University of Hong Kong.
7. Lee A (2002). Editor Health Promoting Schools in Hong Kong: Experience Sharing. The Chinese University Press and Centre for Health Education and Health Promotion of the Chinese University of Hong Kong

Research fund
Has obtained over HK$100 million (US$1=HK$7.8) research funding from different funding agencies across different disciplines. Please refer to the full list.
Major consultancy reports (full list)