講者：技術科學部　顧寧院士

講題：基於鐵基微納材料的血管診療先進技術
Iron-Based Nanomaterial Innovations for Cardiovascular Theranostics

摘要：心腦血管疾病是危害人類健康的“頭號殺手”，缺乏早期診斷導致治療視窗狹窄，中晚期療效不佳以及醫療費用高昂。為此亟需發展有效的心腦血管疾病診療新方法。利用微納材料、微納器件或系統等實現對疾病的早期預警、診斷，從而進行健康管理，有望最終達到心腦血管疾病精准診療的目的[1]。我們長期從事納米醫學材料研究，構建以鐵基微納材料為基礎的診療一體化材料體系，研發相關醫學影像技術。研發的多聚糖超順磁氧化鐵靜脈注射液已進入臨床試驗，該材料作為磁共振成像（MRI）增強的新一代對比劑，在冠狀動脈狹窄診斷以及全身血管檢查方面表現出很好的安全性以及檢查功效[2]。此外，開發了以磁性微泡、普魯士藍納米顆粒等磁性微納材料為基礎的血管疾病靶向診療一體化材料[3]，磁性納米材料標記間充質幹細胞有利於受損心肌的修復[4]，為實現心腦血管疾病的精准診療提供了新策略，助力納米醫學在心腦血管疾病領域的發展。

Despite advances in medical theranostics for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), it remains a leading global cause of mortality and morbidity. This underscores the urgent need for innovative approaches aimed at early and precise detection and treatment of CVDs to reduce the disease burden. Iron-based nanomaterials, leveraging their distinctive magnetism and enzyme-like activity, have demonstrated considerable promise in this regard. For instance, iron oxide nanoparticles, serving as important contrast agents for contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), exhibit robust diagnostic performance and excellent safety in identifying significant coronary stenosis, offering a promising alternative to digital subtraction angiography (DSA) for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. Another typical iron-based nanomaterial, prussian blue nanoparticles, with their excellent enzyme-like activity, can be designed to simultaneously target and eliminate various proinflammatory factors within the plaque microenvironment. This approach demonstrates significantly greater efficacy in resolving the proinflammatory plaque microenvironment and attenuate atherosclerosis in comparison to conventional approaches. We also developed a self-homing and traceable cardiac patch leveraging iron oxide nanoparticles for spatiotemporal therapeutic delivery. Continuous advancement in the field of iron-based nanomaterials hold great promise for effectively addressing current challenges in CVD diagnostics and treatment, providing more personalized and efficient options for the medical theranostics.

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講者：數學物理學部　常凱院士

講題：二維量子材料中的激子絕緣體相
Exciton Insulator Phase in two-dimensional Quantum Materials

摘要：激子絕緣體是由Mott教授于1961年首先提出的。 當體系中激子的結合能大於單粒子帶隙時，系統失穩並打開帶隙形成激子絕緣體相。 近年來，這一概念得到了廣泛的理論研究和實驗證實。 本報告中，我們基於多能帶 k*p 理論和類BCS 的多體理論，從理論上證明了二維 (2D) 半導體系統中拓撲激子絕緣相的存在。 我們考慮兩種系統：InAs/GaSb 量子阱和 2D 范德華異質結構。 在InAs/GaSb量子阱，即二維拓撲絕緣體中，我們從理論上證明，當考慮電子和空穴之間的庫侖相互作用時，系統的基態不再是二維拓撲絕緣體，而是拓撲激子絕緣體。 該系統具有強自旋軌道作用的能帶反轉的拓撲邊緣態。 我們發現，即使在非常強的面內磁場（高達 B=35T）下，拓撲激子絕緣體相仍然可以存在。 對於二維VdH系統，我們發現垂直電場可以減小帶隙，甚至小於激子結合能，導致激子絕緣體相的形成。 由於激子結合能大，二維VdH系統中的激子凝聚相可以在室溫下觀察到。我們在吸氫石墨烯體系中提出自旋三重態的激子絕緣體相。最近我們還在新型二維材料體系中發現平帶誘導的拓撲激子絕緣體密度波。

Exciton insulator was firstly proposed by Prof. Mott in 1961. When the binding energy of exciton in these systems is larger than the single-particle bandgap, the systems becomes unstable, and open a bandgap forming an exciton insulator phase. This concept has been widely studied theoretically and confirmed experimentally in recent years. Here, We demonstrate theoretically the existence of topological exciton insulating phases in two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor systems, based on the multi-band k*p theory and the BCS-like many-body theory. We consider two kinds of systems: InAs/GaSb quantum wells and 2D Van der Waals heterostructures. In InAs/GaSb quantum wells, i.e., a 2D topological insulator, we demonstrate theoretically that the ground state of the system is no longer the 2D topological insulator, but a topological exciton insulator when the Coulomb interaction between electrons and holes is included. The system displays the topological edge states for the inverted band case with strong spin-orbit interactions. We find that the topological exciton insulator phase can still survive even under very strong in-plane magnetic fields up to B=35T. For a 2D VdH system, we find that a perpendicular electric field can decrease the bandgap, which even becomes smaller than the exciton binding energy, leading to the formation of exciton insulator phase. Due to large exciton binding energy, the exciton insulator phase in the 2D VdH system could be observed at room temperature. We propose an excitonic insulator phase of spin triplet state in the Semihydrogenated Graphene. Recently we have also discovered flat-band induced topological exciton insulator density waves in new two-dimensional material systems.

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講者：生命科學和醫學學部　謝道昕院士

講題：植物適應逆境的激素調控機制
Hormonal Regulation of Plant Adaptation to Environmental Stresses

摘要：動物具有發育良好的神經系統，能夠靈巧地運動，可以應對複雜多變的環境。然而，植物沒有神經系統，固著生長，仍然能夠應對外部環境，在逆境中生存下來。有一類特殊的植物，稱為食蟲植物，能夠像食肉動物一樣，通過葉片的運動來捕捉和消化昆蟲，作為重要的營養來源。地球上的大多數植物都是非食蟲植物，均處於被動地位，但仍能在充滿挑戰的環境中生存。植物可以通過高度複雜的防禦系統應對昆蟲危害和病原體侵染等各種環境脅迫。植物各種防禦反應及重要生長發育過程均受到植物激素的精准調控。我們將討論植物應對環境脅迫適應的激素調控機制，重點介紹茉莉酸和獨腳金內酯調控植物適應逆境的分子機制。

Animals rely on well-developed nervous systems to dexterously take prompt movements and rapidly facilitate long-range information exchange in front of the changing environment. As sessile organisms, plants are characterized by lack of nervous systems but are still able to properly cope with external stimulation in the changing environment. One special type of plants, termed carnivorous plants grow in nutrient-poor soil and behave like flesh-eaters with modified leaves, called traps, to catch and digest insects as an essential resource of nutrients by leaf movement. Most plants on earth are in a passive position but still manage to survive in the challenging environment. They can cope with various environmental stresses including insect attack and pathogen infection through highly sophisticated defense systems. Plant hormones regulate all the key developmental processes and defensive responses in plants that provide our living environment and food resources. We will discuss the hormonal regulation of plant adaptation to environmental stresses, focusing on how jasmonate and strigolactone regulate plant adaptation to environmental stresses.

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講者：化學部　趙東元院士

講題：分子超組裝功能介孔材料與未來應用
Molecular Super-assembly for Functional Mesoporous Materials and Their Future Applications

摘要：功能介孔材料是一類孔徑在2-50 納米的多孔固體，它不僅具備高比表面積、孔道尺寸和孔容均一可控等獨特性質，而且具有無機功能納米顆粒優異的光學、電學、磁學等特性。這裡我們主要介紹近年來在分子聚集體超組裝調控，實現取向組裝可控合成，創制多級結構功能介孔材料的研究進展。基於介面組裝調控思想，我們發展了一系列合成多級結構功能介孔材料新方法，這裡主要介紹以單膠束為結構單元，進行超組裝的新方法。利用這一新方法，我們能夠可控制備一系列新型多級有序結構功能介孔材料，包括均勻的納米微球、半球、多面體、二維單層納米片結構。這些新型介孔材料不僅形貌獨特、均一，而且具有可控的介觀孔道結構、高比表面積、大的孔容和開放的孔道。基於介面調控，我們實現了功能介孔材料的取向組裝，首次創造了非對稱啞鈴型、葫蘆狀、火柴狀、雙叉二聚體（Y型）多功能介孔材料。我們也將介紹功能介孔材料在催化劑載體（重質油裂化）、鋰離子電池的電極材料、絕熱材料、介電材料等領域的應用。

Functional mesoporous materials are a kind of porous solids with a pore size of 2-50 nm. They not only possess unique properties such as high specific surface area (~ 2500 m2/g), pore size and uniform and controllable pore volume (~2.5-4.0 cm3/g), but also have excellent optical, electrical and magnetic properties beyond inorganic functional nanoparticles. Normally, the functional mesoporous materials can be synthesized by soft-templating method, surfactant assembly process, however, their morphology and mesostructured are difficult to precisely control. In this lecture, we mainly introduce the recent progress in the research of molecular aggregate super-assembly regulation, oriented assembly controlled synthesis, and the construction of hierarchically-ordered functional mesoporous materials. Based on the new idea of interfacial supra-assembly regulation, we have demonstrated some new approaches for the synthesis of ordered functional mesoporous materials with hierarchical structures. Here we mainly introduce a new method for super-assembly using single micelles as mesostructural units. Using this new approach, we can precisely prepare a family of novel functional mesoporous materials with hierarchical ordered structures, including uniform nanospheres, hemispheres, polyhedra, two-dimensional (2-D) single-layer nanosheets. These new mesoporous materials not only have unique and uniform morphology, but also have controllable mesopore structure, high specific surface area, large pore volume and open pore. Based on the interface control, we realized the orientation assembly of functional mesoporous materials, and created the asymmetric dumbbells, gourd, match, shuttlecock, double-leaf dimer (Y-type) multifunctional mesoporous materials for the first time. We will also introduce the applications of functional mesoporous materials in catalyst support (heavy crude oil hydrocracking), electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries, thermal insulation materials, dielectric materials (low-k) and other fields.

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講者：數學物理學部　張平院士

講題：漫談Fourier 分析與偏微分方程
A Casual Discussion of Fourier Analysis and Partial Differential Equations

摘要：在本次報告中，我將首先回顧經典的Fourier方法及其在線性常係數偏微分方程中的應用；繼而介紹擬微分算子和Fourier積分算子及其在線性變係數偏微分方程中 的應用；最後介紹Bony的仿偽分分解及其在非線性偏微分方程的應用。

In this talk, we first present the global existence and stability of solutions to 3-D classical Navier-Stokes equations (NS) in an infinite cylindrical domain with large Fourier mode initial data. Then we extend similar result for 3-D anisotropic Navier-Stokes equations (ANS). We remark that due to the loss of vertical viscosity in (ANS), the construction of the energy functionals for (ANS) is much more subtle than that of (NS). Compared with our previous paper for (NS), we improve the polynomial decay in k for the Fourier coefficients of the solution to be exponential decay in k here

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講者：數學物理學部　葉向東院士

講題：動力系統的回復性及其應用
Recurrence in Dynamics and Applications

摘要：回復性是動力系統中最重要的性質之一。事實證明，回復性在組合數論中也有許多深刻的應用。在這次演講中，我將回顧一些眾所周知的關於回復性的結果及其應用。在這個過程中，我還將解釋在研究中使用的和一些正在發展中的主要工具，並陳述一些最新的研究成果和未解決問題。

Recurrence is one of the most important properties in dynamical systems. It turns out that recurrence also has many profound applications in combinatorial number theory. In this talk I will review some well known results related to recurrence and the applications. In the process I will also explain the main tools used in the research and some that are being developed, and state certain recent results and open questions.

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講者：地學部　傅伯杰院士

講題：地理學與可持續發展 Geography and Sustainable Development

摘要：地理學是研究地理要素或者地理綜合體空間分佈規律、時間演變過程和區域特徵的一 門學科，是自然科學與人文科學的交叉，具有綜合性、交叉性和區域性的特點。隨著地理資訊 技術發展與地理學研究方法的變革，新時期的地理學正在向地理科學進行華麗轉身，研究主題更加強調 陸地表層系統的綜合研究，研究範式經歷著從地理學知識描述、格局與過程耦合，向複雜人地 系統的類比和預測轉變。地理學的發展可為全球與區域可持續發展做出更大貢獻。
1)在區域尺度上，以世界上水土流失最嚴重的地區--中國黃土高原為例。在中國政府實施退耕還林工程(GTGP)導致的景觀變化背景下，評估了水調節、土壤保持、固碳和糧食生產等4種關鍵生態系統服務功能的變化，並分析了生態系統服務功能之間的權衡關係。我們發現，生態系統服務發生了顯著的轉換。在瞭解生態系統結構、功能和動態的基礎上，探討了以恢復和提高生態系統服務供給的可持續發展能力為目標的適應性管理策略。
2)在全球尺度上，17項可持續發展目標(可持續發展目標)為2016年至2030年全球可持續發展描繪了藍圖。令人擔憂的是，最近的報告表明，按照目前的速度，到2030年實現所有目標是不可能的。我們提出了推進可持續發展目標的系統方法，即“分類-協調-協作”它不僅考慮了17個可持續發展目標之間的關係，不同管理部門之間的聯繫，而且還包含了加速可持續發展目標的必要手段。這種方式有望促進各國參與全球治理進程，並確保可持續發展目標在短期內實現關鍵突破，在長期內實現整體進展

Geography is a subject to explore spatial distribution, time evolution and regional characteristics of geographical elements or geographical complexes. Geography is unique in bridging social sciences and natural sciences, and has characteristics of comprehensiveness, interdisciplinary research and regionalism. With the development of geographical science technology and research methods, geography is in the gorgeous historical process towards geographical science. Research themes of geography are focusing on the comprehensive research on the earth surface. The research paradigms of geography are shifting from geography knowledge description, coupling pattern and process, to the simulation and prediction of complex human and earth system. The development of geography can make more contribution to regional and global sustainable development.
1) In regional scale, a case study in the Loess plateau of China, an area suffered from severe soil erosion in the world was taken. The changes in four key ecosystem services including water regulation, soil conservation, carbon sequestration, and grain production were assessed and the trade off among the ecosystem services were analysed under the changing landscapes due to the Chinese government’s implementation of the Grain to Green Program (GTGP). We found that ecosystem services convert significantly. The adaptive management strategy was discussed aiming on restoring and improving the sustainable capability of ecosystems providing services, based on the understanding of structure, function and dynamics of ecosystem.
2) The 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) provide a blueprint for the world's sustainable development from 2016 to 2030. Worryingly, recent reports indicate that it is impossible to achieve all the goals by 2030 with current pace. We proposed a systematic approach, i. e, “classification-coordination-collaboration” for advancing sustainable development goals. It not only considers the relationship between the 17 SDGs, the links between different management departments, but also contains the necessary means to accelerate SDGs. Overall, this approach is expected to promote the participation of countries in the process of global governance, and to ensure that SDGs will achieve key breakthroughs in the short term and achieve overall progress in the long run.