講者：生命科學和醫學學部 韓斌院士
講題：揭示水稻多樣性和雜種優勢的本質
Unlocking the Nature of Rice Diversity and Heterosis
在水稻基因組學上採用先進的組學和正向遺傳學方法來解決重要的水稻遺傳問題，並闡明水稻雜種優勢背後的遺傳機制。開發了基因組方法，通過低覆蓋率重測序來挖掘不同的水稻資源，並獲取栽培水稻品種和野生稻種質的基因組規模序列變異。這些研究使他能夠成功地對水稻和水稻全基因組研究中的農藝性狀進行全基因組關聯研究（GWAS），並揭示了亞洲馴化水稻的起源。然後，他將類似的基因組方法擴展到複雜性狀基因的精細定位，並研究了過去幾年水稻雜種優勢的遺傳基礎。
Bin Han's study mainly focuses on rice genomics, employing advanced omics and forward genetics methods to address important rice genetic questions, and to elucidate the genetic mechanisms behind hybrid vigour (heterosis) in rice. Bin Han and his team had developed genomic approaches for tapping diverse rice resources and accessing genome-scale sequence variation in cultivated rice varieties and wild rice accessions by low-coverage re-sequencing. These studies enabled him to have successfully carried out genome-wide association study (GWAS) on agronomic traits in rice and rice pan-genome studies, and to have uncovered the origin of the Asian domesticated rice. He then extended the similar genomic method to fine-mapping of complex trait genes and investigating genetic basis of rice heterosis in past years.
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講者：生命科學和醫學學部 楊維才院士
講題：被子植物雄性生殖單位發生與維持機制
Mechanisms of Occurrence and Maintenance of Male Reproductive Units in Angiosperms
動物的精子具有鞭毛可以自主遊動至卵細胞完成受精，而被子植物的精細胞沒有鞭毛，不能遊動。被子植物進化出了依賴花粉管生長傳遞精細胞到卵細胞的方式完成受精，這種受精方式被稱為管粉受精。管粉受精使植物擺脫了對水環境的依賴，從而促使植物由水生到陸生，從低等到高等進化。在管粉受精過程中，兩個精細胞或者它的前體生殖細胞總是和營養核連接在一起，作為一個整體被運輸。這個整體早在20世紀80年代就被命名為雄性生殖單元（male germ unit）。後來的研究表明，雄性生殖單元的結構在被子植物中普遍存在，暗示了這一結構具有重要的生物學功能和進化意義。然而到目前為止，我們仍然不清楚雄性生殖單元如何組裝，如何運輸。這裡，我們發現了兩個負責雄性生殖單元組裝的關鍵蛋白，HUG1和HUG2。HUG1/2定位於雄性生殖單元週邊，像一個籠子一樣把營養核和兩個精細胞組裝在一起。在hug1 hug2雙突變體的花粉管中，精細胞和營養核分離，精細胞滯留在花粉粒中或者花粉管基部，而脫離精細胞束縛的營養核則在花粉管中雙向快速運動。此外，我們還證明了HUG1/2與營養核核膜上的WIT/WIP蛋白互作，共同參與雄性生殖單元的組裝和運輸過程。我們的實驗結果表明HUG1/2對於雄性生殖單元的組裝以及雄性生殖單元運動速度和方向的調控十分重要。
The sperms of animals have flagella and can swim autonomously to the egg cells to complete fertilization. Sperm cells of angiosperms have no flagella and cannot swim. Angiosperms, on the other hand, have evolved to rely on pollen tube growth to transfer sperm cells to eggs, which is called siphonogamy. Siphonogamy freed plants from their dependence on the water environment, thus promoting the evolution of plants from aquatic to terrestrial, from low to high. In the process of siphonogamy, two sperm cells or their progenitor generative cell are always closely connected with the vegetative nucleus and are transported as a whole. This whole unit was named the male germ unit as early as the 1980s, and later studies showed that the male germ unit structure is common in angiosperms, suggesting that this structure has important biological functions and evolutionary significance. However, so far we still do not know how the male germ unit is assembled and transported. Here, we found two key proteins responsible for the assembly of the male germ unit, HUG1 and HUG2. HUG1/2 located on the periphery of the male germ unit and acts like a cage to assemble the vegetative nucleus and two sperm cells. In the pollen tube of hug1 hug2 double mutant, sperm cells and vegetative nucleus were separated, with sperm cells remaining in the pollen grain or at the base of the pollen tube, and the vegetative nucleus freed from sperm cells moved rapidly in both directions in the pollen tube. In addition, we demonstrated that HUG1/2 interacted with WIT/WIP proteins on the nuclear membrane of the vegetative nucleus to participate in the assembly and transport of male germ unit. Our results suggest that HUG1/2 is important for the assembly of male reproductive units and the regulation of the speed and direction of male reproductive unit movement.
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講者：地學部 郭華東院士
講題：月基對地觀測科學前沿
Scientific Frontier of Moon-based Earth Observation
在月球上佈設感測器能實現對地球的長期、整體、動態、穩定的科學觀測，創新現有平臺和系統的觀測能力，尤其是能從地球系統外部來觀測地球系統本身的演化過程，以及地球系統與外部的相互作用和影響。本報告從科學目標、有效載荷、參數模擬和估算方法以及觀測站選址四個方面詳細論述了月基對地觀測研究進展，介紹了宏觀地球科學現象月基觀測的特點與能力，特別闡述了地球輻射平衡月基對地觀測作用與潛力。圍繞涉及的關鍵科學問題分析，總結了針對感測器論證、任務設計、資料處理和資訊提取提出的一系列新模型和新方法，對月基對地觀測未來發展提出了思路與建議。
The deployment of remote sensing sensors on the Moon can realize long-term, overall and stable Earth observation and improve the observation ability of the existing system. In particular, from the outside of the Earth system, the Moon-based remote sensors can observe the evolution process of the earth system and the interaction and influence between the earth system and its exterior. This paper discusses the research progress of Moon-based earth observation in detail from four aspects: scientific objectives, sensor technology, parameter simulation and estimation methods and observatory location. The key scientific problems are analyzed, and a series of new models and methods are summarized. At the end of this paper, some suggestions for the development of Moon-based Earth observation are put forward.
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講者：數學物理學部 徐紅星院士
講題：新質生產力驅動下的光智造：技術革新與產業賦能
Optical Smart Manufacturing Driven by New Quality Productive Forces: Technological Breakthroughs and Industrial Transformation
激光技術憑藉單色性、高方向性、高能量密度等優勢，成為現代精密製造及量子通訊的核心工具。當前，全球正處於新質生產力快速崛起的變革期，以數位化、智慧化和綠色化為特徵的技術革命重塑產業格局。在這一背景下，光智造技術通過“以光代刀”“以光控物”“以光賦智”，作為融合光子學、材料科學與資訊技術的戰略性方向，成為突破傳統製造瓶頸、培育新興產業的核心引擎。
激光與人工智慧的協同創新助力“光智造”的產業化應用已滲透至高端製造全鏈條：從航空航太領域熱端部件氣膜孔加工，到新能源產業的超快激光電池極片切割，再到光刻機中的極紫外光源技術，激光製造正突破傳統加工極限。
在量子科技領域，激光是操控量子態的“光鑷”。基於鐳射的冷原子技術為量子計算提供高精度量子比特；量子金鑰分發依託激光的單光子特性構建資訊安全體系，激光與量子技術的深度融合，正重塑資訊技術的未來圖景。
未來，“光智造”將深度融合光子學、量子工程與人工智慧，催生具有自感知、自我調整能力的智慧光製造系統。建議加強跨學科平臺建設，推動核心技術攻關，培育“光-機-電-算”複合型人才，共同構建面向未來的智慧製造新生態。期待內地與香港科研團隊深化合作，依託粵港澳大灣區創新優勢，引領全球光製造技術發展。
Laser technology, with its monochromaticity, high directionality, and ultrahigh energy density, has emerged as a pivotal tool in modern precision manufacturing and quantum communications. Today, amid the rapid rise of new quality productive forces characterized by digitalization, intelligentization, and green transformation, intelligent optical manufacturing (“Optical Smart Manufacturing”)—strategically integrating photonics, materials science, and information technology—has become a cornerstone for overcoming traditional manufacturing limitations and fostering emerging industries. By “replacing blades with light beams,” “manipulating matter through photonic control,” and “infusing intelligence via optical sensing,” this technology demonstrates unparalleled advantages in high-precision processing, low-carbon production, and flexible manufacturing.
The synergy between lasers and artificial intelligence is accelerating industrial applications across high-end manufacturing value chains: from laser-drilled cooling film holes in aerospace thermal components, to ultrafast laser cutting of battery electrodes for renewable energy systems, and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light sources for advanced lithography machines, laser-based processes are redefining traditional manufacturing boundaries.
In quantum technology, lasers serve as “optical tweezers” for manipulating cold atoms for artificial quantum states. Laser-cooled atomic systems enable high-fidelity qubits for quantum computing, while quantum key distribution (QKD) leverages laser-generated single photons to establish ultra-secure communication networks. The deep integration of lasers with quantum engineering is reshaping the future of information technology.
In the future, intelligent optical manufacturing will converge photonics, quantum engineering, and AI to create self-perceptive, self-adaptive optical manufacturing systems. To realize this vision, we advocate building interdisciplinary platforms, advancing breakthroughs in core technologies, and cultivating multidisciplinary talents integrating optics, mechanics, electronics, and computing. We anticipate strengthened collaboration between mainland and Hong Kong research teams, leveraging the innovation ecosystem of the Greater Bay Area to position China at the forefront of global leadership in optical manufacturing .
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講者：地學部 倪四道院士
講題：大陸極淺源地震研究進展
Research Progress on Ultra-Shallow Earthquakes in Continental Regions
大陸地區地震災害是威脅人類社會發展的主要災害之一。深入瞭解震源區的結構、狀態及其演變過程，對防震減災具有極為重要的意義。目前通過地球物理反演與室內岩石試驗等研究工作，學者建立了一系列孕震模式。全球範圍儘管已有一些伴隨大地震的斷層鑽探觀測，地震破裂起始區原位觀測仍然十分匱乏，導致很多孕震模式難以實證。多數大陸地震發生于1萬米左右的深度，地震破裂起始位置的測定精度不高，準確選定鑽井位置存在困難，若通過深鑽方式進行原位探測的費用巨大。近年來，隨著地球物理與大地測量多元觀測與聯合反演技術的進步，學者們發現了一些極淺（深度3千米、甚至幾百米）的地震，其地震起始位置也得到了可靠的測定，為原位觀測提供條件。開展極淺源地震研究，可以助力破解地震科學前沿難題，服務國家防震減災重大需求。
Seismic hazards in continental regions pose a major threat to human society. A thorough understanding of the structure, state, and evolution of earthquake source zones is crucial for earthquake disaster prevention and hazard mitigation. Scientists have developed various seismogenic models through geophysical inversion and laboratory rock experiments. Although earthquake source zone (fault zone) drilling observations have been conducted for some major earthquakes worldwide, in-situ observations of earthquake rupture initiation zones remain scarce, making it difficult to validate the seismogenic theories. As most continental earthquakes occur at depths of around 10 km, precise determination of the rupture initiation place is challenging, making selection of optimal drilling location difficult and deep drilling for in-situ exploration extremely expensive. In recent years, thanks to advancements in geophysical and geodetic multi-modal observations and joint inversion techniques, scientists discovered ultra-shallow earthquakes occurring at depths of 3 km or even just a few hundred meters. The rupture initiation locations of these earthquakes have been reliably determined, providing a valuable opportunity for in-situ observations. Research on ultra-shallow earthquakes can help address frontier scientific questions in seismology and help national efforts in earthquake hazard mitigation.
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講者：技術科學部 劉昌勝院士
講題：材料生物學與衰老干預
Materiobiology and Aging Interventions
衰老相關疾病高發，嚴重影響患者的身心健康，造成重大的家庭和社會負擔。研究、干預和防治衰老對延緩全身性衰老具有重要意義，也是全球人口老齡化面臨的科學難題和社會問題。
近期的研究表明，生物材料可表現出多種生物學新效應，對於快速啟動衰老微環境中的細胞回應、內源性幹細胞歸巢和分化、幫助衰老細胞的清除與逆轉等均會產生影響。例如，衰老骨組織中磺化糖胺聚糖缺失，導致感覺神經支配受損，並使得老年股骨骨折癒合延遲。補充外源性的仿生材料，可恢復神經營養反應，誘導促進感覺神經元生長，增強老年小鼠骨傷組織的感覺神經支配，加速癒合。研究發現，磺化殼聚糖具有抗衰老的潛能，可靶向巨噬細胞，降低巨噬細胞衰老表型，進而改善衰老微環境並延緩衰老。此外，材料在修復過程中還可表現出多種與抗衰老相關的生物學效應。如經典的鈣磷基材料在促進骨組織修復再生的同時，可延緩衰老下的骨質流失；利用材料的生物學效應可清除ROS，調控細胞的衰老微環境；借助材料設計可與抗衰老藥物協同作用，既清除衰老細胞，同時促進衰老下的損傷癒合等。深入開展基於材料生物學新效應的衰老干預研究，將為延緩衰老提供新策略。
The high incidence of age-related diseases seriously affects the physical and mental health of patients and causes significant family and social burden. Research, intervention and prevention of aging is of great significance to delay systemic aging, and it is also a scientific and social problem faced by global population aging.
Recent studies have shown that biomaterials can exhibit a variety of new biological effects, which can affect the rapid initiation of cell response in the aging microenvironment, endogenous stem cell homing and differentiation, and assist in the clearance and reversal of senescent cells. For example, the absence of sulfonated glycosaminoglycan in aging bone tissue leads to impaired sensory innervation and delayed healing of elderly femur fractures. The addition of exogenous biomimetic materials can restore the neurotrophic response, induce and promote the growth of sensory neurons, enhance the sensory nerve innervation of bone injury tissue in old mice, and accelerate the healing. Moreover，it was found that sulfonated chitosan has anti-aging potential, which can target macrophages, reduce the aging phenotype of macrophages, and then improve the aging microenvironment and delay aging. In addition, the material can also show a variety of biological effects related to anti-aging during the repair process. For example, the classical calcium - phosphorus based materials can delay the bone loss under aging while promoting the repair and regeneration of bone tissue. The biological effects of the materials can clear ROS and regulate the aging microenvironment of cells. With the help of material design, it can cooperate with anti-aging drugs to clear senescent cells and promote the healing of damage under aging. Further research on aging intervention based on new effects of materiobiology will provide a new strategy for delaying aging.
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