Citation styles

[1]	I Newton, Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, 1st ed. (Streater, London 1687); see also the modern English translation, A Motte (later revised by A Cajori), Sir Isaac Newton's Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy (Univ of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1934; paperback 1962).
[2]	A Einstein, Ann. Phys. (Germany), 17, 891-921 (1905).

One of the most widely used collections of canned programs is the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) [1].

[1]	Nie, N.H., Hull, C.H., Jenkins, J.G., Steinbrenner, K., & Bent, D.H. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill, 1975.

Social members experience various modes of control exerted over them. According to Berger, "Where human beings live or work in compact groups, in which they are personally known and to which they are tied by feeling of personal loyalty (the kind that sociologists call primary groups), very potent and simultaneously very subtle mechanisms of control are constantly brought to bear upon the actual or potential deviant. These are the mechanisms of persuasion, ridicule, gossip and opprobrium" [1].

[1]	P Berger. Invitation to Sociology (London: Penguin, 1991), p 87.

「在西洋社會裏，國家社會這個團體是一個明顯的也是唯一特出的群己界線。在國家裏做人民的無所逃於這團體之外，..... 在我們傳統裏群的極限是模糊不清的‘天下'..... 界線從來就是不清不楚的，..... 所以可以著手的，具體的只有己 .....」[1]

[1]	費孝通。《鄉土中國》（香港：三聯。1986），第 28 頁。

主要差異

不同出版商及學術團體採用不同的引註方式及格式，這些方式皆正確，惟在一篇著作中只應使用一種引註方式。此外，你亦應參考所修讀學科的期刊或所屬學系的指引，並採用主流格式。

參考編號可以方括號或圓括號，或用上標方式（加上或不加括號）標示，例如：

The laws of motion were first given by Newton [1].

The laws of motion were first given by Newton (1).

The laws of motion were first given by Newton¹.

The laws of motion were first given by Newton⁽¹⁾.

參考編號可加在標點符號前或後。

The laws of motion were first given by Newton [1].

The laws of motion were first given by Newton. [1]

參考資料可列於每頁頁尾（腳註）或文章篇末（尾註）。
作者姓名可以「I Newton」、「I. Newton」、「Newton, I」或「Newton, I.」等方式寫出。
書本及/或期刊名稱可用斜體顯示。
引用期刊文章時，(1) 有時只列出卷數，有時則同時列出卷數及期號；(2) 只列出首頁頁數，或同時列出首頁及尾頁頁數；(3) 卷數、期號、頁數及年份的次序可改變，卷數更可用斜體、粗體或底線顯示；(4) 期刊文章的標題列出或不列出均可。
引用書本資料時，出版商、出版地及年份可以不同次序列出。

意見

採用此種格式的主要困難是：當要增刪一項參考資料時，所有編號均受影響。由於文書處理軟件一般能自動排序，故使用此種格式的人日漸增加。