極端高溫天氣下老年人居住環境的指南（草稿）

2024年5月57日
RIF研究項目

該設計指南正在制定中，旨在為城市規劃師、建築師、發展商和其他建築行業專業人士介紹各種室內和室外熱緩解策略。它強調了改善城市環境的緊迫性，並突出了極端炎熱天氣對健康的影響，為這些重要問題提供了明確的指引。

聚焦小組訪談的質性研究結果概要

2023年2月10日
RIF研究項目

團隊成員完成了聚焦小組訪談的質性研究的分析，以了解長者對酷熱天氣的認知和感受。研究結果概要可供公眾瀏覽，完整結果可見於相關期刊論文。

熱帶城市的微氣候實地測量：回顧與指引

2022年11月4日
吳恩融教授研究團隊

吳恩融教授研究團隊發表報告，介紹在熱帶城市進行微氣候實地測量的方法。

本項目的未來氣象數據

2022年10月13日 (新增5月數據!)
RIF研究項目

本研究項目所完成的未來氣象數據，包括排放情景SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP5-8.5 在世紀中(2040-49)和世紀末(2090-2099)的由5月至9月的每小時數據，現可免費下載使用。請註明數據出自本項目。

長者温馨圖示：酷熱天氣與長者健康

2022年7月15日
RIF研究項目

團隊成員周珮馨副教授和學生、長者義工一起製作了十款有關炎熱天氣及防暑資訊的温馨圖示，希望能以長者喜歡和熟悉的形式傳遞訊息，注意預防中暑。歡迎公眾人士及團體下載並轉發。

單張: 應對酷熱天氣，長者點做好 (2022)

2022年4月12日
RIF研究項目

本項目製作了新的宣傳單張，教導長者及照顧者在酷熱天氣時應該如何預防中暑，提高公眾對極端高溫的認識。

影片系列：酷熱天氣與長者健康

2021年9月19日
RIF研究項目(連同中大賽馬會老年學研究所)製作

製作了一系列有關酷熱天氣與長者健康的影片，希望提高社會各界及公眾人士關注酷熱天氣對健康的影響，並多加留意長者在酷熱天氣的需要及身體狀況。

宣傳單張：酷熱天氣與長者健康

2021年9月9日
中大賽馬會老年學研究所

中大賽馬會老年學研究所製作了一系列宣傳單張，希望提高公眾關注酷熱天氣對健康的影響，並留意長者在酷熱天氣下的身體狀況和需要。

Long-term association between urban air ventilation and mortality in Hong Kong

2021
Environmental Research

Wang, P., Goggins, W. B., Shi, Y., Zhang, X., Ren, C., & Lau, K.K.L. (2021). Long-term association between urban air ventilation and mortality in Hong Kong. Environmental Research, 197, 111000.

Association of urban built environment and socioeconomic factors with suicide mortality in high-density cities: A case study of Hong Kong

2020
Science of The Total Environment

Wang, P., Goggins, W. B., Zhang, X., Ren, C., & Lau, K. K. L. (2020). Association of urban built environment and socioeconomic factors with suicide mortality in high-density cities: A case study of Hong Kong. Science of The Total Environment, 739, 139877.

The impact of extremely hot weather events on all-cause mortality in a highly urbanized and densely populated subtropical city: A 10-year time-series study (2006–2015)

2019
Science of The Total Environment

Wang, D., Lau, K. K. L., Ren, C., Goggins, W. B., Shi, Y., Ho, H. C., Lee, T. C., Lee, L. S., Woo, J., & Ng, E. (2019). The impact of extremely hot weather events on all-cause mortality in a highly urbanized and densely populated subtropical city: A 10-year time-series study (2006–2015). Science of The Total Environment, 690, 923-931.

An ecological study of the association between area-level green space and adult mortality in Hong Kong

2017
Climate

Xu, L., Ren, C., Yuan, C., Nichol, J. E., & Goggins, W. B. (2017). An ecological study of the association between area-level green space and adult mortality in Hong Kong [Article]. Climate, 5(3), Article 55.

Effect modification of the association between meteorological variables and mortality by urban climatic conditions in the tropical city of Kaohsiung, Taiwan

2013
Geospatial Health

Goggins, W. B., Ren, C., Ng, E., Yang, C., & Chan, E. Y. Y. (2013). Effect modification of the association between meteorological variables and mortality by urban climatic conditions in the tropical city of Kaohsiung, Taiwan [Article]. Geospatial Health, 8(1), 37-44.

Effect Modification of the Association between Short-term Meteorological Factors and Mortality by Urban Heat Islands in Hong Kong.

2012
PLOS ONE

Goggins, W. B., Chan, E. Y. Y., Ng, E., Ren, C., & Chen, L. (2012). Effect Modification of the Association between Short-term Meteorological Factors and Mortality by Urban Heat Islands in Hong Kong. PLOS ONE, 7(6), e38551.

ICCN Research Seminar - Understanding of Heat-Health Impact in Subtropical High-density Cities: An Experience from Hong Kong

2 May 2023
Institute for Climate and Carbon Neutrality, The University of Hong Kong

This online lecture will introduce the new findings of the current situations of extreme hot weather of Hong Kong, and identify the key characteristics of the Heat-Health impact.

Online webinars for the launch of three WMO urban reports

20 May / 24 May / 1 June 2022
World Meteorological Organization

The World Meteorological Organization will organise a series of online webinars for the launch of the three WMO guideline documents on different aspects of urban environment. The three guidelines are:

• The Guidance to Measuring, Modelling and Monitoring the Canopy Layer Urban Heat Island
• The Good Practices on High-resolution Modelling for Integrated Urban Services
• The IG3IS Urban Greenhouse Gas Emission Observations and Modelling Good Practices

小松隊2.0 講堂:
長者健康與住屋物業管理

2021年8月16日，8月30日，9月13日
中大賽馬會老年學研究所

今期重點關注長者健康和住屋物業管理的關係。
是次講堂系列將有三次講堂，邀請到醫護界和物業管理界的專業人士包括醫生、謢士、註冊營養師、體適能教練、物業服務經理、社工等擔任嘉賓講者。

Outdoor Solutions for Climate Adaptation: from Street to City Scale

9-10 Sep 2021
SOLOCLIM

SOLOCLIM research team and some of the top academics and industry leaders will gather to discuss about the latest research and practice, touching on vegetation, water and responsive design solutions on both small and large planning scale.

Free Online Course on Climate Change and Health

Registration opens until 30 Sep 2021
Collaborating Centre for Oxford University and CUHK for Disaster and Medical Humanitarian Response (CCOUC)

This online course introduces important concepts of how to tackle climate change related health impacts and how to support community preparedness, response, policy formulation and implementation.

COVID-19 Webinar: Older Adults in the COVID-19 Pandemic

18 Dec 2020
Hong Kong Institute of Asia-Pacific Studies, CUHK

This webinar includes two talks about the lives of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Heat Health Masterclass Series 2020

Jun-Jul 2020
Global Heat Health Information Network

GHHIN's heat health masterclasses provide rapid, interactive learning of good science, practices, methods, and tools for essential applications in heat health.

綠色力量：2024 香港平均氣溫達 24.8℃ 料破香港最熱紀錄 未來十年氣溫繼續升

2025年1月2日
Yahoo 新聞

綠色力量估計，本港 2024 年平均氣溫為攝氏 24.8 度，料將打破 2021 年攝氏 24.6 度的紀錄，成為香港有紀錄以來最熱的一年。 綠色力量總監鄭睦奇表示，翻查天文台紀錄，2024 年天氣熱的程度可能不夠 2023 年厲害，但平均熱的日子較 2023 年多，所以平均氣溫較 2023 年高。

當重慶困於40度高溫，我們還有什麼辦法給城市“降溫”？

2024年9月12日
三聯生活周刊（微信公號）

進入9月，川渝地區依然在發佈24小時內氣溫超過40攝氏度的“高溫紅色預警”，湖南、江蘇、江西、浙江、上海等地也面臨超過35度的持續高溫。面對比以往來得更早、 持續時間更長的高溫熱浪，一個城市，到底該做些什麼迎接氣候變化和酷暑的挑戰?

公屋長者開冷氣電費單「-2126」元　林超英研5原因

2024年8月31日
am730

前天文台台長林超英在社交平台發文，表示他前幾天探訪住在公屋一人單位的長者時，竟發現他的電費單應繳費用是「負2,126」元， 還有政府電費津貼餘額3,000多元，當中最神奇的地方是該長者有開冷氣，這令他大為折服，不得不慨嘆「高手在民間」。

Calls to charity for elderly hit 1,620 a day as Hong Kong logs record heat high on Monday

5 Aug 2024
South China Morning Post

City’s temperature recorded as 35.4 degrees Celsius on Monday, but some areas go up to 38.9 degrees.

Hong Kong's past heatwaves potentially contributed to 1,677 excess deaths: university study

5 Aug 2024
South China Morning Post

University of Hong Kong researchers share projection from yet-to-be-published study, urge authorities to develop action plan for heatwaves.

天文台錄氣溫31.5度　為1884年有記錄以來3月最高溫

2024年3月24日
香港電台

天文台表示，受偏南氣流影響，截至下午3時，總部錄得最高氣溫31.5度，屬1884年有記錄以來的3月最高溫。天文台提醒戶外活動的人士，要注意防曬防暑，多補充水份。

News: Monster Floods Push Hong Kong to Confront a Changing Climate

20 Nov 2023
Bloomberg

The unprecedented rainfall that hit the city in September is forcing it to finally address a future where extreme weather will be more frequent.

新聞：政府指出現時逾12萬長者獨居公屋

2023年6月30日
東方日報

根據勞工及福利局的數據，目前全香港有超過120,000名年長者獨居在公共房屋單位中，其中年屆9旬以上的獨居長者，亦有5,645人。隨著香港人口老化，提倡低碳和熱舒適的公屋設計，以提供適宜長者居住的環境，變得至關重要。

天文台與長者安居協會預料會就未來幾天的極端高溫發出特別提示

2023年5月29日
香港電台

香港天文台預料未來幾日的日間氣溫將達極端高溫，即日間氣溫達攝氏35度或以上，屆時將發出新的「極端酷熱天氣」提示。 長者安居協會表示，當天文台發出「極端酷熱天氣」提示，協會亦會提醒用戶，因天氣炎熱而感到不適時可以按動平安鐘。

天文台新增「極端酷熱天氣」提示 預測氣溫達攝氏35度或以上即發出

2023年3月23日
星島日報

鑑於氣候變化下氣溫上升，天文台正與大學和合作伙伴積極研究極端酷熱天氣對健康的影響，以加強酷熱天氣警告服務，將在酷熱天氣警告增加「極端酷熱」級別，如天文台總部或新界普遍地區達35度就會發出，提醒市民注意極端高溫的情況及相應的預防措施。

英國錄40.3度創高溫紀錄 英國氣象局：未來可能每三年就會出現一次

2021年11月22日
星島日報

天文台所發出的酷熱天氣警告已持續生效超過120小時。天文台預計本周及下周天氣持續酷熱。 天文台亦指出，英國持續受熱浪侵襲，林肯郡科寧斯比錄得攝氏40.3度，是歷史性新高。 英國氣象局表示，至少有34個氣象站打破2019年所錄得的38.7度，並警告如果高溫室氣體排放情景持續，極端高溫在未來可能每三年就會出現一次。

News: Climate change - Heatwave temperature threshold raised in England by Met Office

29 Mar 2022
BBC

The Met Office of the UK defines a heatwave as when an area experiences daily maximum temperatures meeting or exceeding a certain level for three days in a row. Eight counties have had these limits raised by the forecaster by 1 degree Celsius. The new limits are based on data from the period between 1991 and 2020.

新聞：羅致光稱人口高齡化升幅相當快　帶來很大挑戰

2021年11月22日
香港電台

勞工及福利局局長羅致光表示，香港面對人口高齡化，升幅相當快，強化居家安老的支援因此十分重要，期望能透過樂齡科技幫助護理人員及照顧者。

Temperature Rising: Hong Kong’s Poorest Suffer Most as City Gets Hotter

17 Aug 2021
South China Morning Post

Even hotter days predicted ahead as spreading urbanisation traps heat in built-up areas, underscoring need for better building designs, more greenery and new habits.

Abnormal temperatures responsible for 2.6 million deaths in Asia every year, global study finds

16 Jul 2021
Channel News Asia

About 2.6 million in Asia can be attributed to abnormal hot and cold temperatures that are becoming more common due to climate change. Climate change is already exacerbating the risks of dangerous heat.

Too Hot to Live: Millions worldwide will face unbearable temperatures

17 Jun 2021
National Geographic Magazine

A warming climate is likely to push entire regions out of their comfort zones—and make staying cool a matter of survival. The problem of extreme heat is mortally entangled with larger social problems, including access to housing, to water, and to health care.

Air conditioning adds to global warming, making us use it more.

3 Feb 2021
South China Morning Post

The increasing demand for energy to power air-conditioning, which in turn increases global warming. Planning districts to take account of sun, wind, and shade, designing buildings to use less energy, and some self-control on our part, can reduce air con use

Future Proof: Envisioning Asian Cities in a Climate Change-Impacted World

15 Apr 2020
Tatler Hong Kong

Prof. Chao Ren points out that many Asian cities may not put climate actions are on their city development and management agenda. She shares how climate-resilient design could help Asian cities to mitigate the climate threats.

The big picture on health care for the elderly that Hong Kong is missing – it’s quality of life that matters, not how long people live

27 Sep 2019
South China Morning Post

The International Longevity Centre UK points to significant failings in Hong Kong’s health care system in its “Healthy ageing in Hong Kong” policy briefing. Prof. Jean Woo agrees with the report’s finding that the public primary care services aren’t good enough to meet the needs of the city’s ageing population.

小松隊影片：年齡友善的城市規劃

[2023年3月重溫] 2021年10月18日
中大賽馬會老年學研究所、小松隊

胡令芳教授與譚小瑩女士討論年齡友善的城市規劃。

小松隊影片：老齡化與建築環境

[2023年3月重溫] 2021年10月18日
中大賽馬會老年學研究所、小松隊

胡令芳教授就「老齡化與建築環境」進行演講.

小松隊專訪: 馮海嵐教授點睇健康與環境？

[2023年3月重溫] 2022年3月14日
中大賽馬會老年學研究所、小松隊

中大賽馬會老年學研究所的小松隊項目與馮海嵐教授(中大心理學系系主任)就健康與環境的看法進行專訪。

小松隊專訪: 譚小瑩女士點睇健康與環境？

[2023年3月重溫] 2022年3月14日
中大賽馬會老年學研究所、小松隊

中大賽馬會老年學研究所的小松隊項目與譚小瑩女士(前香港規劃師學會會長)就健康與環境的看法進行專訪。

小松隊專訪: 胡令芳教授點睇健康與環境？

[2023年3月重溫] 2022年3月14日
中大賽馬會老年學研究所、小松隊

中大賽馬會老年學研究所的小松隊項目與胡令芳教授(中大賽馬會老年學研究所所長)就健康與環境的看法進行專訪。

香港電台《鏗鏘集》影片：我們與熱的距離

2022年9月22日
香港電台

香港電台《鏗鏘集》最新一集「我們與熱的距離」，探討香港酷熱天氣對戶外工作者、長者健康的影響。

小松隊新網站：長者健康與建築環境的講座錄像可供重溫

2022年5月23日
中大賽馬會老年學研究所、大銀

中大賽馬會老年學研究所與大銀合作，建立小松隊網頁，之前舉辦有關長者健康、建築環境、住宅管理等的講座錄像已上載到網站，方便大家重溫。網站亦介紹了香港的不同設計，更訪問了建築師有關建築設計背後的故事和長者作為住戶的感受等等。
瀏覽網頁和觀看影片

香港天文台影片: 風寒效應和體感溫度

2011年3月
香港天文台

香港天文台早前曾製作解釋風寒效應和體感溫度的影片。

小松隊：長者健康與建築環境

2019年7月-2020年12月
中大賽馬會老年學研究所

本項目探討「長者健康與建築環境」，聯同醫護健康及城市建築界的專業人士，分享和討論在建築城市設計方面如何令長者生活得更開心舒適。 第一期小松隊的部分網上講堂可於項目專頁重溫。

GHHIN Dialogue: Heat in the Workspace

29 Jul 2020
Global Heat Health Information Network

This Dialogue provides a rapid tour through key recent developments in the world of occupational heat health.

GHHIN Dialogue: Heat in the City

28 Jul 2020
Global Heat Health Information Network

This GHHIN Dialogue session provides a rapid tour through urban innovations in heat health.

WHO Housing and Health Guidelines

2018
World Health Organization

The guidelines aim at informing housing policies and regulations at the national, regional and local level on the impact of housing on health.

Thermal Comfort at Home: A Guide for Older South Australians

2022
The University of Adelaide

The Guide is based on scientific research from a project called ‘Improving thermal environment of housing for older Australians’. Funded by the Australian Research Council (ARC), the project analysed the housing of people aged 65 and over in South Australia in 2018-2021.

Final report of "Heatwaves and vulnerable populations: Mapping their needs in The Hague"

2022
The Hague University of of Applied Science

This applied research project aimed to generate a better understanding of the effects of heatwaves on vulnerable population groups in the municipality of The Hague, and suggests ways in which the municipality can help such groups to cope with these heatwaves.

Climate Resilience Buildings: Guideline for Management of Overheating Risk in Residential Buildings

2022
National Research Council of Canada

This guideline document consists of thirteen chapters in which important information is provided on the relationships between heat and human body response, a general framework to evaluate overheating risk in buildings and application of the framework to Canadian residential buildings.

Beating the Heat: A Sustainable Cooling Handbook for Cities

2021
UN Environment Programme

This UNEP guide offers planners an encyclopaedia of proven options to help cool cities. The guide’s 80 supporting case studies and examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the strategies outlined and can help cities find an approach best suited to their unique contexts.

Local Heat Plan for the Municipality of the Hague

2021
The Hague government and the Arcadis

The Hague has drawn up the new heat plan in collaboration with consultancy and engineering firm Arcadis. In the action plan, the emphasis is on communication to prevent problems between individual carers and professionals, care institutions and social organizations during a period of heat.

Heat and health in the WHO European Region: Updated evidence for effective prevention

2021
World Health Organization

The WHO Regional Office for Europe published guidance on heat–health action planning in 2008, and intends to update this to include the latest evidence.

Thermal comfort prescription for cooling dominated Indian residential buildings

2021
The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi

Mahindra Lifespaces and TERI through the Centre of Excellence jointly envisaged to build a greener urban future by developing energy-efficient solutions tailored to Indian climates. The project intends to provide credible information related to thermal properties of building materials in public domain.

Thermal comfort guidelines for developments in the City of London

2020
City of London, UK

These Guidelines introduce a new technique into planning to understand the microclimatic qualities of the City’s public spaces as well as a methodology to assess the impact of new developments on the microclimate of the City’s streets, parks, public roof gardens and terraces and other public spaces.

Acceptable Temperatures in Naturally Ventilated Buildings

Oct 2020
Susan Roaf and Nergus Nicol

Prof Susan Roaf and Prof Nergus Nicol wrote an article to advocate the natural ventilation imperative and introduce the concepts of "Comfort".

Primer for Cool Cities: Reducing Excessive Urban Heat - With a Focus on Passive Measures

18 Oct 2020
Energy Sector Management Assistance Programe; World Bank

This primer and its Annex provide practical, actionable guidance and examples of urban cooling solutions for implementers, policy makers, and planners tasked with mitigating urban heat impacts.

Turning the Heat: Resiliency in New York City's Heat-Vulnerable Neighborhoods

10 Jun 2020
Urban Design Forum

This report emerges from the Urban Design Forum’s partnership with the Mayor’s Office of Resiliency to research how urban design can mitigate the impacts of extreme heat in New York City’s most heat-vulnerable neighborhoods.

Heatwave Guide for Cities

2019
Red Cross

This practical guide is designed with, and for, people working in city government to understand, reduce the risk of, and respond to, heatwaves in their cities.

街道選樹指南

2018
香港特區政府-綠化、園境及樹木管理組

《街道選樹指南》為設計者在香港市區各類常見街道選擇合適的樹木品種時，提供實用的參考工具。

Trees for a Cool City: Guidelines for optimised tree placement

2017
Cooperative Research Centre for Water Sensitives Cities, Australia

"Trees for a Cool City: Guidelines for optimised tree placement" guidelines for optimised tree placement to maximise the cooling effects of street trees and deliver the largest benefits for human thermal comfort. It provides guidance on where to place trees depending on the design and orientation of streets.

Science: Special issue on heat and health

29 Sep 2023
Science

A special issue of Science explores research findings from around the world that are improving our understanding of the impact of heat on health.

Global Variation in the Effects of Ambient Temperature on Mortality: A Systematic Evaluation

28 Aug 2023
Epidemiology

This paper examines the variation in the associations between temperature and mortality in multiple countries, analyzed simultaneously. Meta-analysis results show that both cold and hot temperatures increased the risk of mortality in all the countries/regions. Cold effects were delayed and lasted for many days, whereas heat effects appeared quickly and did not last long.

Performance evaluation of personal thermal comfort models for older people based on skin temperature, health perception, behavioural and environmental variables.

16 Mar 2022
Journal of Building Engineering

This paper explores the development of personal comfort models to predict older people's thermal needs in their homes and evaluates the models' predictive performances in comparison with conventional generalised approaches. Results have also highlighted the need for further research on combining physiological sensing, individualised predictive modelling and wearable comfort systems, as well as on defining thermal preference misclassification costs in the context of older people.

Personal thermal comfort models: a deep learning approach for predicting older people’s thermal preference.

1 Mar 2022
Smart and Sustainable Built Environment

This paper presents the development of personal thermal comfort models for older adults and assesses the models’ performance compared to aggregate approaches.

The use of building performance simulation and personas for the development of thermal comfort guidelines for older people in South Australia

24 Jan 2022
Journal of Building Performance Simulation

This paper discusses the application of building performance simulation to explore strategies to improve the homes’ thermal environment and their effects on older people’s thermal comfort, with the aim of developing design guidelines. Six strategies that affect thermal comfort were tested based on the thermal preferences of six older adults’ personas.

The Thermal Environment of Housing and Its Implications for the Health of Older People in South Australia: A Mixed-Methods Study

8 Jan 2022
Atmosphere

The study “Improving thermal environment of housing for older Australians” focused on assessing the relationships between the indoor environment, building characteristics, thermal comfort and perceived health/wellbeing of older South Australians over a study period that included the warmest summer on record. To express the influence of temperature and humidity on perceived health/wellbeing, a Temperature Humidity Health Index (THHI) was developed for this cohort. A health/wellbeing perception of “very good” is achieved between an 18.4 °C and 24.3 °C indoor operative temperature and a 55% relative humidity.

Monitoring and modelling the risk of summertime overheating and passive solutions to avoid active cooling in London care homes.

30 Aug 2021
Energy and Buildings

This paper examines the current and future risk of summertime overheating in two London-based care homes occupying modern and older buildings.

Examining the magnitude and perception of summertime overheating in London care homes

2 May 2021
Building Services Engineering Research and Technology

This paper brings together objective and subjective data on indoor temperature and thermal comfort to examine the magnitude and perception of summertime overheating in two London-based care homes occupying modern and older buildings.

Mortality benefit of building adaptations to protect care home residents against heat risks in the context of uncertainty over loss of life expectancy from heat

29 Mar 2021
Climate Risk Management

We explore methodological issues core to the cost-benefit evaluation of building adaptations designed to protect against heat risks to residents of care homes in England in the context of the uncertainties relating to the loss of life expectancy in heat death.

The Lancet Heat and Health Series

19 Aug 2021
The Lancet

In this two-paper series, the physiological, social, and environmental factors that contribute to individual heat vulnerability, and the megatrends affecting future heat-related morbidity and mortality at the population level, are comprehensively reviewed.

中國氣候變化與健康狀況@中國的2020年刺針倒數研究報告

2021年6月30日
科學通報

論文〈因地而異的氣候變化健康影響需要因地而異的應對措施〉刊登於《科學通報》。
該論文列舉《刺針倒數研究報告2020年中國報告》為中國健康和氣候變化的主要持份者提出五項建議。

Thermal Personalities of Older People in South Australia: A Personas-Based Approach to Develop Thermal Comfort Guidelines

13 Nov 2020
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

This study is part of a research project that investigates the thermal comfort of older people living independently in South Australia and develops thermal comfort guidelines for people ageing-in-place. This paper describes the approach fundamental for developing the guidelines, using data from the study participants’ and the concept of personas to develop a number of discrete “thermal personalities”.

A collection of resources developed by the red cross red crescent network help communities prepare for heat wave

8 July 2024
Global Disaster Preparedness Center

Resources developed by the red cross red crescent network include the heatwave guide for cities and the cooling centres manual.